Formerly these offices as well as those of the other chancery officers from the Regent down were occasions of venality, until popes, especially Benedict XIV and Pius VII, gradually abolish that.

Benedict XIV ( Const.

Meanwhile, under the direction of Benedict XIV ( pope 1740 – 1758 ), a special congregation collected much material for an official revision, but nothing was published.

This view was reinforced by Pope Benedict XIV, who ordered a ban on Chinese rituals.

* A manual of theology in 4 vols, Theologia eclectica, moralis et scholastica ( Augsburg, 1752 ; revised by Pope Benedict XIV for the 1753 edition published at Bologna )

Also Lord Chesterfield, Thomas Gray, George Lyttelton, Thomas Hollis, Metastasio, Benedict XIV and Heinrich von Brühl were among his correspondents

* 1751 – Pope Benedict XIV suppresses the Patriarchate of Aquileia and establishes from its territory the Archdiocese of Udine and Gorizia.

In 1750, on the illness of her father, she was appointed by Pope Benedict XIV to the chair of mathematics and natural philosophy and physics at Bologna.

* 1675 – Pope Benedict XIV ( d. 1758 )

At first, he called himself Benedict XIV, but afterwards altered the title to Benedict XIII ( the previous Benedict XIII having been considered an antipope ).

A man fond above all of asceticism and religious celebrations, according to Cardinal Lambertini ( later Pope Benedict XIV ) he " did not have any idea about how to rule ".

Pope Benedict XIV ( 31 March 1675 – 3 May 1758 ), born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was Pope from 17 August 1740 to 3 May 1758.

Benedict XIV denounced these practices in these two bulls.

Bust of Benedict XIV by Pietro Bracci, Museum of Grenoble

On 22 December 1741, Benedict XIV promulgated the papal bull " Immensa Pastorum principis " against the enslavement of the indigenous peoples of the Americas and other countries.

On 18 May 1743, Benedict XIV signed a document addressed to the Archbishops and Bishops of the Kingdom of Poland regarding marriage, communicating his dissatisfaction with the dissolution of Christian marriages, even long-stable ones, by the Ecclesiastical Courts of Poland without due cause or in violation of canon law.

Benedict XIV was also responsible, along with Cardinal Passionei, for beginning the catalogue of the Vatican Library.

Tomb of Benedict XIV, St. Peter's basilica.

* Castrato – Benedict XIV was one of the first Popes to voice displeasure regarding the use of castrated males in Church choir services.

* Cardinals created by Benedict XIV

* Pope Benedict XIV Portrait at the Vatican Museum.

simple: Pope Benedict XIV

It speaks volumes that despite his involvement in the murders of Benedict VI and John XIV, and the atrocities that ensued once he became pope in 984, he still had enough support to keep him in power for eleven months.

On Friday, June 10, 2011, Pope Benedict XVI, erected a new Chaldean Catholic eparchy in Toronto, Canada and named Archbishop Mar Yohannan Zora, who has worked alongside four priests with Catholics in Toronto ( the largest community of Chaldeans ) for nearly 20 years and who was previously an ad personam Archbishop ( he will retain this rank as head of the eparchy ) and the Archbishop of the Archdiocese ( Archeparchy ) of Ahwaz, Iran ( since 1974 ).

It was used by Christ Himself, by St. Paul, by St. Cyril of Jerusalem, by St. Clement and Origen at Alexandria, by St. Augustine, who wrote a special treatise thereon ( De catechizandis rudibus ), also, in later times, by Gerson, chancellor of the University of Paris, who wrote " De parvulis ad Christum trahendis "; Clement XI and Benedict XIV gave to it all the weight of their authority, and one of the greatest of all catechists was St. Charles Borromeo.

While the rituals used for the inaugurations of Popes John Paul I and John Paul II were provisional ad hoc rites, the one used for Pope Benedict XVI was not.

We do not know what rule this community followed, although it seems most likely it was the Rule of St. Benedict.

We have seen that St. Benedict calls it only Vespera, the name which has prevailed over that of Lucernarium ( cf.

Rabbi David Rosen, the AJC ’ s international director of Interreligious Affairs stated: " We acknowledge that the Church ’ s liturgy is an internal Catholic matter and this motu proprio from Pope Benedict XVI is based on the permission given by John Paul II in 1988 and thus, on principle, is nothing new ".

Lisa Power, corporate head of policy at the Terrence Higgins Trust, denounced the views of Pope Benedict XVI on the use of condoms to prevent AIDS and said: " We deeply regret the continued misinformation around condoms, which remain the most effective way of preventing the spread of HIV.

Meanwhile, the JLA investigate a plane crash where all the ( dead ) passengers have hearts on the right side of their bodies, and money bearing the slogan " In Mammon We Trust " and the face of Benedict Arnold.

Pope Benedict XVI, on 30 November 2007, in the beginning of his second encyclical letter Spe Salvi ( In Hope We Were Saved ), relates her entire life story as an outstanding example of the Christian hope.

In response to the Pope Benedict XVI Islam controversy, he stated " We have no objection if the Pope holds another speech and declares publicly that what the Byzantine emperor had said was wrong.

They are first mentioned in the papal bulls Extravagantes of Pope John XXII and of Pope Benedict XII.

These followers, he says, are Constantinus, who succeeded Benedict as Abbot of Monte Cassino ; Valentinianus ; Simplicius ; and Honoratus, who was abbot of Subiaco when St Gregory wrote his Dialogues.

Today the terms " Order of Saint Benedict " and " Benedictine Order " are also used frequently to refer to the total of the independent Benedictine abbeys, thereby giving the wrong impression of a " generalate " or " motherhouse " with jurisdiction over dependent communities.

The Rule of Saint Benedict is also used by a number of religious orders that began as reforms of the Benedictine tradition such as the Cistercians and Trappists although none of these groups are part of the Benedictine Confederation.

There are an estimated 2, 400 celibate Anglican Religious ( 1080 men and 1320 women ) in the Anglican Communion as a whole, some of whom have adopted the Rule of St. Benedict.

But such details, like many others details of the daily routine of a Benedictine house that the Rule of St Benedict leaves to the discretion of the superior, are set out in its customary.

Under Pope Benedict XVI's motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, Roman Catholic bishops, priests, and deacons are again permitted to use the 1962 edition of the Roman Breviary, promulgated by Pope John XXIII to satisfy their obligation to recite the Divine Office every day.

With the revision of the Code of Canon Law promulgated in 1917 by Pope Benedict XV, only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals.

In contrast, the Holy See has not questioned the validity of the consecrations that the late Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre performed in 1988 for the service of the relatively numerous followers of the Traditionalist Catholic Society of St. Pius X that he had founded, and of the bishops who, under pressure from the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association, " have been ordained without the Pontifical mandate and who have not asked for, or have not yet obtained, the necessary legitimation ", and who consequently, Pope Benedict XVI has declared, " are to be considered illegitimate, but validly ordained ".

The books The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia, by Bronisław Malinowski, Patterns of Culture by Ruth Benedict, and Coming of Age in Samoa by Margaret Mead ( two of Boas's students ) are classic examples of anti-ethnocentric anthropology.

Traditional Japanese society, Korean society and Chinese culture are sometimes said to be " shame-based " rather than " guilt-based ", in that the social consequences of " getting caught " are seen as more important than the individual feelings or experiences of the agent ( see the work of Ruth Benedict ).

According to John L. Allen, Jr., " In addition, three decades of bishops ’ appointments by John Paul II and Benedict XVI, both unambiguously committed to “ Humanae Vitae ,” mean that senior leaders in Catholicism these days are far less inclined than they were in 1968 to distance themselves from the ban on birth control, or to soft-pedal it.

The theorist Benedict Anderson argues that nations are " imagined communities " ( the members cannot possibly know each other ), and that the main causes of nationalism and the creation of an imagined community are the reduction of privileged access to particular script languages ( such as Latin ), the movement to abolish the ideas of divine rule and monarchy, as well as the emergence of the printing press under a system of capitalism ( or, as Anderson calls it, print-capitalism ).

Exceptions are bulls of canonization and decrees of ecumenical councils, which the Pope signs with the formula, " Ego N. Episcopus Ecclesiae catholicae ", without the numeral, as in " Ego Benedictus Episcopus Ecclesiae catholicae " ( I, Benedict, Bishop of the catholic / universal Church ).

Restorations of numerous churches in Rome are ascribed to the less than a year's pontificate of Benedict II.

Popes Benedict XI through XVI are, from an official point of view, the 10th through 15th popes by that name.

Popes Benedict XI-XVI are, from an official point of view, the tenth through fifteenth popes by that name.

These are John XVIII in 1009 and Benedict IX in May 1045, although the latter regretted it and was soon back.

" () According to the current Roman Catholic Pope, Benedict XVI, " Peace is achieved by consciences that are open to the truth and to love "

Many Benedictine Houses have a number of Oblates ( secular ) who are affiliated with them in prayer, having made a formal private promise ( usually renewed annually ) to follow the Rule of St Benedict in their private life as closely as their individual circumstances and prior commitments permit.

Benedict XVI: " Justice is only brought about if there are just people.

In the Western scholarly community, these languages are no longer classified under the Sino-Tibetan tree, with the similarities attributed to borrowings and areal features, especially since Benedict ( 1972 ).

They conclude that the great majority of the bishops listed in the Holy See's Annuario Pontificio, including Benedict XVI himself, are in reality merely priests or even laymen.