These efforts are led by John Renfrew, an Englishman, and Gregory Markham, an American most likely modeled on Benford himself.

As a science fiction author, Benford is perhaps best known for the Galactic Center Saga novels, beginning with In the Ocean of Night ( 1977 ).

By then, a neo-Campbellian revival of hard science fiction after 1982 at the hands of David Brin, Gregory Benford, Greg Bear and others had emerged.

It is named after physicist Frank Benford, who stated it in 1938,

He is also the central character of the Second Foundation Trilogy written after Asimov's death ( Foundation's Fear by Gregory Benford, Foundation and Chaos by Greg Bear, and Foundation's Triumph by David Brin ), which are set after Asimov's two prequels.

* Artifact, a 1985 science fiction novel by Gregory Benford

Benford's law of controversy, as expressed by science-fiction author Gregory Benford in 1980, states: Passion is inversely proportional to the amount of real ( true ) information available.

Gregory Benford and David Brin's Heart of the Comet features a comet with a conventional carbon-and-water-based ecosystem that becomes active near the perihelion when the Sun warms it.

Gregory Benford had a form of plasma-based life exist in the accretion disk of a primordial black hole in his novel Eater.

* 1948 – Frank Benford, American electrical engineer and physicist ( b. 1883 )

# A Darker Geometry ( 1996, with Mark O. Martin and Gregory Benford )

An aging Robert Zubrin also appears as a background character in The Martian Race ( 1999 ) by Gregory Benford, a science fiction novel depicting early human explorers on Mars in the very near future.

Benford, who is also an astrophysicist, is a longtime member of both the board of directors and the steering committee of the Mars Society.

Some hard SF authors have distinguished themselves as working scientists, including Gregory Benford, Geoffrey A. Landis and David Brin, while mathematician authors include Rudy Rucker and Vernor Vinge.

Science fiction author and physicist Gregory Benford has declared that: " SF is perhaps the defining genre of the twentieth century, although its conquering armies are still camped outside the Rome of the literary citadels.

Notable writing judges have included: Algis Budrys, Gregory Benford, Kevin J. Anderson, Orson Scott Card, Jack Williamson, Nina Kiriki Hoffman, Brian Herbert, K. D. Wentworth, Tim Powers, Robert J. Sawyer, Frederik Pohl, Jerry Pournelle, Andre Norton, Larry Niven, and Anne McCaffrey.

A variation, developed by brothers James Benford and Gregory Benford, is to use thermal desorption of propellant trapped in the material of a very large microwave-sail.

Gregory Benford ( born January 30, 1941 in Mobile, Alabama ) is an American science fiction author and astrophysicist who is on the faculty of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of California, Irvine.

Benford received a Bachelor of Science in physics in 1963 from University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma, followed by a Master of Science from the University of California, San Diego in 1965, and a doctorate there in 1967.

Benford has an identical twin brother, Jim Benford, with whom he has collaborated on science fiction stories.

Benford has said he is an atheist, though his views are not settled.

Benford tends to write hard science fiction which incorporates the research he is doing as a practical scientist.

Gulacy was a film buff, and modeled many characters after film stars: Juliette on Marlene Dietrich, James Larner on Marlon Brando, Clive Reston ( often broadly hinted at as being the son of James Bond as well as the grand nephew of Sherlock Holmes ) occasionally looking like Basil Rathbone and Sean Connery, and a minor character Ward Sarsfield ( after the real-life name of Sax Rohmer ) who looked like David Niven.

Moench introduced other film-based characters, including ones modeled after Groucho Marx and W. C. Fields.

The series introduced Nielsen as Frank Drebin, the stereotypical police officer modeled after serious characters in earlier police TV series.

In order to compete with the best games on these consoles, there are more characters to animate ; all characters must be modeled with a higher level of detail ; more textures must be created ; the entire art pipeline must be made more complex to allow the creation of normal maps and more complex programming code is required to simulate physics in the game world, and to render everything as precisely and quickly as possible.

Hammett reportedly modeled Nora on his longtime partner Lillian Hellman, and the characters ' boozy, flippant repartee on their relationship.

They were modeled on the playable characters in the game but they did not have special moves.

Other characters were based on well-known film stars, such as Captain Troy Tempest in Stingray who was based on James Garner, Scott Tracy in Thunderbirds, who was modelled on Sean Connery, and Captain Scarlet in Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons, whose voice and appearance were modeled on Cary Grant.

The novel featured an interstellar communications medium remarkably similar to Usenet, down to the author including spurious message headers ; one of the characters who appeared solely through postings to this was modeled on Spencer ( and, slightly obliquely, named for him ).

Sakai originally planned for Usagi and other characters to be human in stories explicitly modeled after the life of Miyamoto Musashi.

The characters in that early strip were modeled after Walker's fraternity brothers at the University of Missouri.

Its characters, many modeled loosely on real people, surface, vanish and reappear throughout the sequence.

According to McMurtry, Gus and Call were not modeled after historical characters, but there are similarities with real-life cattle drivers Oliver Loving and Charles Goodnight.

Unlike the two " silent " pilots before it, The Muppet Show series incorporated its own laugh track onto the show, but in a completely different manner ; because the variety program was modeled after vaudeville, oftentimes the viewers would be treated to glimpse of the theater audience and their reactions to The Muppets ' antics on stage ( though the audience was composed of Muppet characters as well ).

Vasquez modeled for himself while drawing the characters.

In the late 2000s, Beanie Babies modeled after characters from popular children's franchises by Nickelodeon, DreamWorks and Paramount began appearing.

His first three adventures were drawn by creator Dennis Neville ( who modeled Hawkman's costume on the hawkmen characters in the Flash Gordon comic strip by Alex Raymond ), then by Sheldon Moldoff, and later by Joe Kubert, who slightly redesigned his mask in Flash Comics # 85 ( Jul 1947 ) and then, one year later, replaced the winged-hawk-like mask by a much simpler yellow cowl in Flash Comics # 98 ( Aug 1948 ).

In the middle 1970s, Fisher-Price produced the Sesame Street town, with various Sesame Street stores, a bridge with stop lights and Sesame Street characters such as Bert, Ernie, and the only Little People toys that have been modeled after celebrities -- Loretta Long ( Susan ), Roscoe Orman ( Gordon ) and Will Lee ( Mr. Hooper ).

When asked who the models for her characters, Loos would almost always say they were composites of various people, but when pressed, admitted that toothless flirt Sir Francis Beekman was modeled after writer Joseph Hergesheimer and producer Jesse L. Lasky.

One of its main proponents is Aardman Animations ' Nick Park, who used characters modeled in Plasticine in his Oscar-winning short films A Grand Day Out ( 1989 ), The Wrong Trousers ( 1993 ) and A Close Shave ( 1995 ), as well as the feature film The Curse of the Were-Rabbit.

Many of the characters and events in The Makioka Sisters are loosely based on real people and events: Sachiko is modeled after Tanizaki's third wife, Matsuko, and Sachiko's sisters correspond to Matsuko's.

What made the line so successful was that the characters were modeled almost exactly from the style guide of the company ; and also, each character performed some " action.

Many staff-members contributed designs and modeled characters and sets under the coordination of art director Bil Maher who created blueprint-style designs for T-Square and many of the 25 robots called for by the script.

Besides pulp characters, actors of the 1940s and 1950s have also visually inspired two characters: Lothar, the villain in " Cliff's New York Adventure ", is based on the likeness of acromegalic horror movie star Rondo Hatton ; and Cliff Secord's girl-friend Betty is modeled after " Queen of Pinups " Bettie Page.