" The first well-known version of anarcho-capitalism was formulated by Austrian School economist and libertarian Murray Rothbard in the mid-twentieth century, synthesizing elements from the Austrian School of economics, classical liberalism, and nineteenth century American individualist anarchists Lysander Spooner and Benjamin Tucker ( rejecting their labor theory of value and the normative implications they derived from it ).

It has been argued that ethical egoism can lend itself to individualist anarchism such as that of Benjamin Tucker, or the combined anarcho-communism and egoism of Emma Goldman, both of whom were proponents of many egoist ideas put forward by Max Stirner.

Early notable socialist proponents of free-markets include Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Benjamin Tucker and the Ricardian socialists, who believed that genuinely free markets and voluntary exchange cannot exist within the exploitative conditions of capitalism.

" In the past, Molinari influenced some of the political thoughts of market anarchist Benjamin Tucker and the Liberty circle.

Benjamin R. Tucker, a famous 19th century individualist anarchist, held that " if the individual has the right to govern himself, all external government is tyranny.

There are adherents to mutualism ( Proudhon, Émile Armand, early Benjamin Tucker ), egoistic disrespect for " ghosts " such as private property and markets ( Stirner, John Henry Mackay, Lev Chernyi, later Tucker ), and adherents to anarcho-communism ( Albert Libertad, illegalism, Renzo Novatore ).

Greene adapted Proudhon's mutualism to American conditions and introduced it to Benjamin R. Tucker.

Benjamin Tucker said of Proudhon, that " though opposed to socializing the ownership of capital, Proudhon aimed nevertheless to socialize its effects by making its use beneficial to all instead of a means of impoverishing the many to enrich the few ... by subjecting capital to the natural law of competition, thus bringing the price of its own use down to cost.

However, in 1886 Benjamin Tucker rejected the natural rights philosophy and adopted Stirner's egoism, with several others joining with him.

" Other egoists include James L. Walker, Sidney Parker, Dora Marsden, John Beverly Robinson, and Benjamin Tucker ( later in life ).

Later John William Lloyd, a collaborator of Benjamin Tucker ´ s periodical Liberty, published in 1931 a sex manual that he called The Karezza Method: Or Magnetation, the Art of Connubial Love.

The thought of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche has been influential in individualist anarchism specifically in thinkers such as the French Émile Armand, the Italian Renzo Novatore, the Colombian Biofilo Panclasta, and also " translations of Nietzsche's writings in the United States very likely appeared first in Liberty, the anarchist journal edited by Benjamin Tucker ".

Some " Boston anarchists ", including Benjamin Tucker, identified themselves as " socialists ", which in the 19th century was often used in the sense of a commitment to improving conditions of the working class ( i. e. " the labor problem ").

Dyer LumTwo individualist anarchists who wrote in Benjamin Tucker ´ s Liberty were also important labor organizers of the time.

Benjamin TuckerSome of the American individualist anarchists later in this era, such as Benjamin Tucker, abandoned natural rights positions and converted to Max Stirner's Egoist anarchism.

American anarchists who adhered to egoism include Benjamin Tucker, John Beverley Robinson, Steven T. Byington, Hutchins Hapgood, James L. Walker and Victor Yarros and E. H. Fulton.

Murray Rothbard, a student of Ludwig von Mises, combined the Austrian school economics of his teacher with the absolutist views of human rights and rejection of the state he had absorbed from studying the individualist American anarchists of the 19th century such as Lysander Spooner and Benjamin Tucker.

Benjamin Tucker followed this journal from the United States.

The Irish anarchist writer of the Decadent movement Oscar Wilde influenced individualist anarchists such as Renzo Novatore and gained the admiration of Benjamin Tucker.

In the late 19th century in the United Kingdom, there existed individualist anarchists such as Wordsworth Donisthorpe, Joseph Hiam Levy, Joseph Greevz Fisher, John Badcock, Jr., Albert Tarn, and Henry Albert Seymour who were close to the United States group around Benjamin Tucker ´ s magazine Liberty.

Furthermore, strongly influenced by Max Stirner and Benjamin Tucker, the German and American theorists of individualist anarchism, they demanded the total liberation of the human personality from the fetters of organized society.

He adhered mainly to Stirner and the ideas of Benjamin Tucker.

Scholars including Avrich and Allan Antliff have interpreted this vision of society to have been greatly influenced by the individualist anarchists Max Stirner, and Benjamin Tucker.

* 1916 – Benjamin Libet, American scientist ( d. 2007 )

* 1939 – Benjamin Barber, American theorist

* 1839 – Benjamin Pierce, American politician ( b. 1757 )

In American history important spokesmen included Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur ( 1735 – 1813 ), and John Taylor of Caroline ( 1753 – 1824 ) in the early national period.

* 1863 – American Civil War: Grierson's Raid begins – troops under Union Army Colonel Benjamin Grierson attack central Mississippi.

Other Revolutionary War heroes who became figures of American folklore include: Benedict Arnold, Benjamin Franklin, Nathan Hale, John Hancock, Andrew Jackson, and John Paul Jones and Francis Marion.

* 1897 – Benjamin Lee Whorf, American linguist ( d. 1941 )

Benjamin Lee Whorf ( April 24, 1897 – July 26, 1941 ) was an American linguist and fire prevention engineer.

" Benjamin Franklin ," Dictionary of American Biography ( 1931 ) – vol 3, with hot links online

The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin ( 2000 )- excellent long scholarly biography excerpt and text search

The First Scientific American: Benjamin Franklin and the Pursuit of Genius.

* Mathews, L. K. “ Benjamin Franklin ’ s Plans for a Colonial Union, 1750 – 1775 .” American Political Science Review 8 ( August 1914 ): 393 – 412.

* Olson, Lester C. Benjamin Franklin's Vision of American Community: A Study in Rhetorical Iconology.

* Newman, Simon P. " Benjamin Franklin and the Leather-Apron Men: The Politics of Class in Eighteenth-Century Philadelphia ," Journal of American Studies, August 2009, Vol.

Runaway America: Benjamin Franklin, Slavery, and the American Revolution.

* Benjamin Franklin: First American Diplomat, 1776 – 1785 US State Department

* Benjamin Franklin at C-SPAN's American Writers: A Journey Through History

In America, The American Builder's Companion, written in the early 19th century by the architect Asher Benjamin, influenced many builders in the eastern states, particularly those who developed what became known as the Federal style.

In the United States Benjamin Latrobe, the architect of the Capitol building in Washington DC, designed a series of botanically American orders.

* 1963 – Benjamin Bratt, American actor

* 1922 – Benjamin A. Gilman, American politician

American Founding Fathers, or Framers of the Constitution, who were especially noted for being influenced by such philosophy include Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Cornelius Harnett, Gouverneur Morris, and Hugh Williamson.

In 1995 he received the Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences of the American Philosophical Society.

" Scenes from Ellis Island " ( for guitar ensemble, piano, double bass, two violins and percussion ) was composed by American classical guitarist Benjamin Verdery, and was inspired by a visit to Ellis Island.