John Miles Foley held, specifically with reference to the Beowulf debate, that while comparative work was both necessary and valid, it must be conducted with a view to the particularities of a given tradition ; Foley argued with a view to developments of oral traditional theory that do not assume, or depend upon, finally unverifiable assumptions about composition, and that discard the oral / literate dichotomy focused on composition in favor of a more fluid continuum of traditionality and textuality.

Tolkien identified in his 1936 lecture " Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics " a " Northern ' theory of courage '"— the heroic or " virtuous pagan " insistence to do the right thing even in the face of certain defeat without promise of reward or salvation:

John Koza has his own company Genetic Programming Inc., and uses a 1000 node Beowulf cluster, composed of Pentium II and DEC Alpha processors, to do his research.

Whereas the Anglo-Saxon Beowulf and Widsith do not go further than treating his relationship with Hroðgar and their animosity with Froda and Ingeld, the Scandinavian sources expand on his life as the king at Lejre and on his relationship with Halga, Hroðgar's brother.

This has obviously nothing to do with a common origin of the Beowulf and Hrólf Kraki legends in particular but simply reflects a shared genealogical tradition.

We do have some secular poetry ; in fact a great deal of medieval literature was written in verse, including the Old English epic Beowulf.

This may be Froda the Heathobard of Beowulf who becomes Fróði the slayer of Halfdan in other Norse traditions which do not make his end peaceful.

After a period of fifty years has passed, Beowulf defeats a dragon, but is fatally wounded in the battle.

Jane Chance ( Professor of English, Rice University ) in her 1980 article " The Structural Unity of Beowulf: The Problem of Grendel's Mother " argued that there are two standard interpretations of the poem: one view which suggests a two-part structure ( i. e., the poem is divided between Beowulf's battles with Grendel and with the dragon ) and the other, a three-part structure ( this interpretation argues that Beowulf's battle with Grendel's mother is structurally separate from his battle with Grendel ).

Beowulf prepares himself for battle ; he is presented with a sword, Hrunting, by Unferth, a warrior who had doubted him and wishes to make amends.

It has also been argued that this is the third part of the poem since it describes the settings during the time lapse before the final battle between Beowulf and the Dragon.

During the final battle against the dragon, Beowulf receives fatal wounds and dies.

* The hero's sword shattering in his final battle before he is killed, at the end of the poem-Turnus ' in the Aeneid and Beowulf's in Beowulf.

The Battle on the Ice of Lake Vänern was a 6th century battle recorded in the Norse sagas and referred to in the Old English epic Beowulf.

Early in his reign, he sent his son Theudebert to battle the Scandinavian King Chlochilaich ( Hygelac of Beowulf fame ) who had invaded his realm.

After a long battle, Beowulf mortally wounds Grendel by ripping his arm off.

There, Beowulf later engages in a fierce battle with Grendel's mother, over whom he triumphs.

Broun stated that “ the substance of any two Zane Grey books could be written upon the back of a postage stamp .” T. K. Whipple praised a typical Grey novel as a modern version of the ancient Beowulf saga, “ a battle of passions with one another and with the will, a struggle of love and hate, or remorse and revenge, of blood, lust, honor, friendship, anger, grief — all of a grand scale and all incalculable and mysterious .” But he goes on to criticize Grey ’ s writing, “ His style, for example, has the stiffness which comes from an imperfect mastery of the medium.

As far as we can tell from what has been preserved, the art of the scop was directed mostly towards epic poetry ; the surviving verse in Old English consists of the epic Beowulf, religious verse in epic formats such as the Dream of the Rood, heroic lays of battle, and stern meditations on mortality and the transience of earthly glory.

Beowulf used it in battle against Grendel's Mother.

However, when Hrunting fails Beowulf in his battle against Grendel's mother, it possibly reflects its previous owner, Unferth, who failed to defeat the hated Grendel.

Unferth ’ s very act of giving Hrunting to Beowulf and the sword ’ s unexpected failure in the battle against Grendel ’ s mother bear much symbolism in the poem.

In the confrontation of Beowulf and Unferð in the poem Beowulf, flytings were used as either a prelude to battle or as a form of combat in their own right.

* Ravenswood, the name of a Swedish forest in Beowulf, the setting of a battle between Geats and Swedes

After some time, when Aðils owed Hrólfr not only the gold he had taken from Helgi during the battle, but also tribute for his help fighting king Áli ( i. e. Onela of Beowulf ) in the Battle on the Ice of Lake Vänern, Hrólfr arrived at Uppsala to gather his tribute.

Later, Hrólfr was killed by his brother-in-law Hjörvarðr ( i. e. the Heoroweard of Beowulf ) through treason and when the battle was over Hrólfr's sister the half-elven Skuld ruled Denmark.

There they battle with the ' mist-monsters ', or ' wendol ', a relict group of Neanderthals who go to battle wearing bear skins like the berserkers found in the original Beowulf story.

The Battle on the Ice of Lake Vänern was a 6th century battle recorded in the Norse sagas and referred to in the Old English epic Beowulf.

Nothing in all this is autobiographical: unlike the poets of Deor and Widsith, the poet of Beowulf is not concerned with his own identity ; ;

Other theories of origin are compatible with the formulaic theory: Beowulf may contain a design for terror, and The Iliad may have a vast hysteron-proteron pattern answering to a ceramic pattern produced during the Geometric Period in pottery.

Beowulf kills Grendel with his bare hands and Grendel's mother with a sword of a giant that he found in her lair.

Beowulf decides to follow the dragon into its lair, at Earnanæs, but only his young Swedish relative Wiglaf dares join him along with Tinshaw.

Beowulf is challenged by a Danish coast guard, Evelyn Paul ( 1911 ). Beowulf begins with the story of King Hroðgar, who constructed the great hall Heorot for his people.

Beowulf, a young warrior from Geatland, hears of Hroðgar's troubles and with his king's permission leaves his homeland to help Hroðgar.

Beowulf grabs a magical sword from Grendel's mother's treasure, and with it beheads her.

The funeral leads to the introduction of the hero, Beowulf and his confrontation with the first monster, Grendel.

Approximate central regions of tribes mentioned in Beowulf with the location of the Angeln | Angles.

It has been suggested that Beowulf was first composed in the 7th century at Rendlesham in East Anglia, as the Sutton Hoo ship-burial also shows close connections with Scandinavia, and also that the East Anglian royal dynasty, the Wuffings, were descendants of the Geatish Wulfings.

Some scholars see Beowulf as a product of these early tales along with Gesta Danorum and Hrólfs saga kraka.

Wilhelm Grimm is noted to be the first person to ever link Beowulf with Irish folklore.

In the late 1920s, Heinzer Dehmer suggested Beowulf as contextually based in the folktale type “ The Hand and the Child ,” due to the motif of the “ monstrous arm ”— a motif that distances Grettis saga and Beowulf and further aligns Beowulf with Irish parallelism.

Attempts to find classical or Late Latin influence or analogue in Beowulf are almost exclusively linked with Homer's Odyssey or Virgil's Aeneid.

* The reception of Beowulf by the coast guard with drawn spear and a challenge but the situation is quickly smoothed over by an explanation of why the ship has arrived parallels Aeneas ' landing and very similar reception with drawn spear by Pallas in book VIII of the Aeneid.