Remembering the step-by-step fate of Danzig and the West German misgivings about `` salami '' tactics, it is to be hoped that the dispatch of General Clay to West Berlin as President Kennedy's representative will mark a stiffening of response not only to future indignities and aggressions but also to some that have passed.

He is dedicated to building the nation's strength and, as are all West Germans, to a free Berlin and to reunion with captive East Germany.

The West Berlin crisis is being played up artificially because it is needed by the United States to justify its arms drive ''.

The `` West Berlin '' crisis is really an East Berlin crisis.

Berlin is merely being used by Moscow as a stalking horse.

West Berlin morale is low and, in age distribution, the situation is unfavorable.

The weekly loss is partly counterbalanced by 500 arrivals each week from West Germany, but the hard truth, says Crossman, is that `` The closing off of East Berlin without interference from the West and with the use only of East German, as distinct from Russian, troops was a major Communist victory, which dealt West Berlin a deadly, possibly a fatal, blow.

Mark Arnold-Foster writes: `` People are leaving ( West Berlin ) because they think it is dying.

Four billion dollars of the spending increase is for defense, an expenditure necessitated by the penny-wise policies of the Eisenhhower Administration, quite apart from the recent crises in Berlin and elsewhere.

Khrushchev, for all his bombastic prophecies about the inevitable decay of capitalism, is genuinely favorable to `` peaceful coexistence '' and would like, above all, the Berlin and German problems to be settled peacefully ; ;

He has indicated that he plans new moves on Berlin before the year is out.

Reference to them is made according to the organization of Immanuel Bekker's Royal Prussian Academy edition ( Aristotelis Opera edidit Academia Regia Borussica, Berlin, 1831 – 1870 ), which in turn is based on ancient classifications of these works.

* 1882 – The " Elektromote " – forerunner of the trolleybus – is tested by Ernst Werner von Siemens in Berlin.

* 1997 – Egon Krenz, the former East German leader, is convicted of a shoot-to-kill policy at the Berlin Wall.

Demai ii. 23a, R. H. 34a ), one of which — that regulating the sounding of the shofar — has since been universally adopted, and is referred to by medieval Jewish casuists as " Takkanat R. Abbahu " ( the Enactment of R. Abbahu ; compare " Maḥzor Vitry ", Berlin, 1893, p. 355 ).

* 1926 – The Treaty of Berlin is signed.

While some argued for the seat of government to move to Berlin, others advocated leaving it in Bonn — a situation roughly analogous to that of the Netherlands, where Amsterdam is the capital but The Hague is the seat of government.

In the fall of that year the best musicians of the Berlin and Frankfurt Kulturbund orchestras joined under the combined efforts of Bronislaw Hubermann and Steinberg to become the Palestine Orchestra -- now known as the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra -- with Steinberg as founder-conductor.

The two towns over time formed close economic and social ties and eventually merged in 1307 and came to be known as Berlin.

Working with Brian Eno while sharing an apartment in Schöneberg with Iggy Pop, he began to focus on minimalist, ambient music for the first of three albums, co-produced with Tony Visconti, that would become known as his Berlin Trilogy.

Franz Bopp ( September 14, 1791, Mainz – October 23, 1867, Berlin ) was a German linguist known for extensive comparative work on Indo-European languages.

German doughnuts ( which have no hole ) are usually balls of yeast dough with jam or other fillings, and are known as Berliner, Pfannkuchen ( only in the Berlin area ), Kreppel or Krapfen, depending on the region.

The German Democratic Republic ( GDR ; German: Deutsche Demokratische Republik or DDR ), informally known as East Germany ( German: Ostdeutschland ), was a socialist state established by the Soviet Union in 1949 out of the Soviet zone of occupied Germany, including East Berlin of the Allied-occupied capital city.

However, it was universally known as the Berlin Wall and the majority opinion was that its primary purpose was to keep East German citizens from escaping to the West.

There is a misconception that Kennedy made a risible error by saying Ich bin ein Berliner ( emphasis added ): the claim is made that Kennedy referred to himself not as a " citizen of Berlin " but as a " jelly doughnut ", known in parts of Germany as a " Berliner ".

The blockade failed due to the unexpected massive aerial resupply campaign carried out by the Western powers known as the Berlin Airlift.

The three courts of Vienna, Berlin and St Petersburg had come to an understanding as to their attitude in the Eastern question, and their views were embodied in the dispatch, known as the " Andrássy Note ", sent on 30 December 1875 by Andrássy to Count Beust, the Austrian ambassador to the Court of St James.

The Kurfürstendamm, known locally as the Ku ' damm, is one of the most famous avenues in Berlin.

The 17th and 18th centuries include what is known as a golden age of libraries ; during this some of the more important libraries were founded in Europe, such as the Bodleian Library at Oxford, the British Museum Library in London, the Mazarine Library and the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève in Paris, the Austrian National Library in Vienna, the National Central Library in Florence, the Prussian State Library in Berlin, the Załuski Library in Warsaw and the M. E.

During the late 1920s, ' 30s, and ' 40s, Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein's formalism was developed by a group of philosophers in Vienna and Berlin, who formed the Vienna Circle and Berlin Circle into a doctrine known as logical positivism ( or logical empiricism ).

It was started by the Berlin underground at the initiative of Matthias Roeingh ( also known as " Dr Motte ") and his then girlfriend Danielle de Picciotto.

It was known that a multi-cavity resonant magnetron had been developed and patented in 1935 by Hans Hollmann in Berlin, and independently, in 1935, by physicist Theodor V. Ionescu in Romania.

The liberal victory perished by the end of 1848 ; the movement became weak due to internal fighting, while the conservatives regrouped, formed an inner group of advisers — including the Gerlach brothers — known as the " Camarilla " around the King, and retook control of Berlin.

It was a key location that helped to symbolise Berlin ; it was known worldwide, and a legend grew up around it.

All trains arriving in Berlin would have run into either of two vast new stations located on the Ringbahn to the north and south of the centre respectively, to be known as Nordbahnhof ( North Station ) and Südbahnhof ( South Station ), located at Wedding and Südkreuz.

In November 1933, the SS guard in Berlin became known as the Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler.

Although Trabants had been exported from East Germany, they became well known in the West after the fall of the Berlin Wall when many were abandoned by their Eastern owners after migrating westward.

King was born in Berlin, Ontario ( now known as Kitchener ) to John King and Isabella Grace Mackenzie.

The building in Niederkirchnerstraße, Berlin, known as the Gropius-Haus is named for Gropius ' great-uncle, Martin Gropius, and is not associated with Bauhaus.

* April 5 – 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing: The West Berlin discothèque, a known hangout for United States soldiers, is bombed, killing 3 and injuring 230 ; Libya is held responsible.

The Frankfurt years were particularly noteworthy for his performance of Berg's Wozzek soon after the Berlin premiere under Erich Kleiber, and the world premiere of Schonberg's Von heute auf morgen.

He returned to Germany for the first time in 1953, where he has since conducted in Cologne, Frankfurt, and Berlin.

For some time the Communists honored the distinction between the Soviet zone of Germany and the Soviet sector of Berlin by promulgating separately the laws for the two areas.

The evident contradiction between the rosy picture of Russia's progress painted by the Communist party's program and the enormous dangers for all humanity posed by Premier Khrushchev's Berlin policy has already led to speculation abroad that the program may be severely altered.

If there were no West Berlin problem, imperialist quarters would have invented an excuse for stepping up the armaments race to try to solve the internal and external problems besetting the United States and its NATO partners.

Kennedy knows the West will not wage war for West Berlin, neither conventional nor nuclear, and negotiations will come as certainly as the peace treaty.

We should stand firmly and courageously for our right to free access into Berlin.

They are leaving so fast that the president of the West German Employers' Federation issued an appeal this week to factory workers in the West to volunteer for six months' front-line work in factories in West Berlin.

The only hope for West Berlin lies in a compromise which will bring down the wall and reunite the city.

One effect of the spirited give-and-take of these discussions was to focus attention on practical applications and the necessity of being armed with the facts: knowledge of the destructive force of even the tiniest `` tactical '' atomic weapon would have a bearing on judgments as to the advisability of its use -- to defend Berlin, for example ; ;

Salinger said the work President Kennedy, advisers, and members of his staff were doing on the address involved composition and wording, rather than last minute decisions on administration plans to meet the latest Berlin crisis precipitated by Russia's demands and proposals for the city.

The Secretary of State has also solemnly repeated a warning to the Soviet Union that the United States will not stand for another setback in Berlin, an affirmation once again taken up by the council as a whole.

* 1986 – In retaliation for the April 5 bombing in West Berlin that killed two U. S. servicemen, U. S. president Ronald Reagan orders major bombing raids against Libya, killing 60 people.

The break-through, however, came when the group of Becker-Ross in Berlin, Germany, built a spectrometer entirely designed for HR-CS AAS.

After a traditional yeshiva education and studying for Orthodox rabbinical ordination semicha, he pursued his doctorate at the University of Berlin and a liberal rabbinic ordination at the Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums.

The vote broke largely along regional lines, with legislators from south and west favouring Bonn and legislators from north and east voting for Berlin.

Berlin also serves as a continental hub for air and rail transport, and is a popular tourist destination.

Among the hundreds of thousands who died during the Battle for Berlin, an estimated 125, 000 were civilians.

All four Allies shared administrative responsibilities for Berlin.

Although it was possible for Westerners to pass from one to the other ( but only through strictly controlled checkpoints ) for most Easterners, travel to West Berlin or West Germany was no longer possible.

In 1971, a Four-Power agreement guaranteed access to and from West Berlin by car or train through East Germany and ended the potential for harassment or closure of the routes.