; Bipolar I disorder: One or more manic episodes.

; Bipolar II disorder: No manic episodes, but one or more hypomanic episodes and one or more major depressive episode.

Construction of a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell | PEMFC: Bipolar plate as electrode with in-milled gas channel structure, fabricated from conductive composite material | composite s ( enhanced with graphite, carbon black, carbon fiber, and / or carbon nanotube s for more conductivity ); Porous carbon papers ; reactive layer, usually on the polymer membrane applied ; polymer membrane. Condensation of water produced by a PEMFC on the air channel wall.

Bipolar transistors can be made to conduct by exposure to light, since absorption of photons in the base region generates a photocurrent that acts as a base current ; the collector current is approximately β times the photocurrent.

; Bipolar Neurons: Bipolar neurons are spindle-shaped, with a dendrite at one end and an axon at the other.

Figure 3: Bipolar current mirror: i < sub > 1 </ sub > is the reference current and i < sub > 2 </ sub > is the output current ; lower case symbols indicate these are total currents that include the DC components

These include cancer, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, Schizophrenia ; Bipolar disorder, fragile X syndrome, Sickle Cell Disease, lichen planus, vitiligo, autism, and chronic fatigue syndrome.

2, 8 covers for the series ; Meathaus # 3 ( Meathaus press ); Bipolar # 1, 2, 4 ( Alternative Comics ); The Big Question ( Top Shelf Comics ); New Thing: Identity ; New Suit Focus, 16 cover for the series ( D. C. Comics ); The Placebo Man ( Alternative Comics ).

Arthritis ( from Greek arthro -, joint +-itis, inflammation ; plural: arthritides ) is a form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints.

* Quetiapine ( Seroquel )-Used primarily to treat bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and " off-label " to treat chronic insomnia and restless legs syndrome ; it is a powerful sedative.

Roughly 88 % of people affected with AVM are asymptomatic ; often the malformation is discovered as part of an autopsy or during treatment of an unrelated disorder ( called in medicine " an incidental finding "); in rare cases its expansion or a micro-bleed from an AVM in the brain can cause epilepsy, deficit or pain.

The disorder has been subdivided into bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia, and other types, based on the nature and severity of mood episodes experienced ; the range is often described as the bipolar spectrum.

Signs and symptoms of the depressive phase of bipolar disorder include persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, guilt, anger, isolation, or hopelessness ; disturbances in sleep and appetite ; fatigue and loss of interest in usually enjoyable activities ; problems concentrating ; loneliness, self-loathing, apathy or indifference ; depersonalization ; loss of interest in sexual activity ; shyness or social anxiety ; irritability, chronic pain ( with or without a known cause ); lack of motivation ; and morbid suicidal ideation.

Medications used to treat bipolar disorder are known as mood stabilizers ; these work by reversing manic or depressive episodes and preventing relapses.

Psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy are recommended as a first-line therapy for panic disorder ; benzodiazepine use has been found to interfere with therapeutic gains from these therapies.

* Benzodiazepines are sometimes used for obsessive compulsive disorder, although they are generally believed to be ineffective for this indication ; effectiveness was, however, found in one small study.

Camilla Hall was the only surviving child of four ; two of her siblings died of a kidney disorder, Peter and Nan, and a third, Terry, of congenital heart disease.

Varying definitions are used for dyslexia from researchers and organizations around the world ; it appears that this disorder encompasses a number of reading skills, deficits and difficulties with a number of causes rather than a single condition.

Common Axis II disorders include personality disorders: paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder ; and intellectual disabilities.

** nitrous oxide ( N < sub > 2 </ sub > O ; " NOS ", " Laughing Gas ", " Whippets ", " Balloons ")

Version 1 of NOS continued to be updated until about 1981 ; NOS version 2 was released early 1982.

SBA loans, which may be made to small manufacturers, small business pools, wholesalers, retailers, service establishments and other small businesses ( when financing is not otherwise available to them on reasonable terms ), are to finance business construction, conversion, or expansion ; ;

acquire the services of chemists, physicists, engineers, and other personnel by contract or otherwise ; ;

The Brønsted-Lowry definition is the most widely used definition ; unless otherwise specified acid-base reactions are assumed to involve the transfer of a proton ( H < sup >+</ sup >) from an acid to a base.

He never gets home until late, and he has to distance himself from the natural pity that he feels for the victims ; otherwise, he would not be able to go on.

Amber is a unique preservational mode, preserving otherwise unfossilizable parts of organisms ; as such it is helpful in the reconstruction of ecosystems as well as organisms ; the chemical composition of the resin, however, is of limited utility in reconstructing the phylogenetic affinity of the resin producer.

Their most widely known ethnonym is derived from the word ainu, which means " human " ( particularly as opposed to kamui, divine beings ), basically neither ethnicity nor the name of a race, in the Hokkaidō dialects of the Ainu language ; Emishi ( Ebisu ) and Ezo ( Yezo ) ( both ) are Japanese terms, which are believed to derive from another word for " human ", which otherwise survived in Sakhalin Ainu as enciw or enju.

Thus he maintained that there must be blackness as well as whiteness in snow ; how otherwise could it be turned into dark water?

If the daughter is an only child or her sisters are deceased and have no living issue, she ( or her heir ) is vested with the title ; otherwise, since a peerage cannot be shared nor divided, the dignity goes into abeyance between the sisters or their heirs, and is held by no one.

Medical treatment will be required ; otherwise the pathological changes will cause death.

Ideally an amplifier increases the power of a signal without otherwise altering it ; practical amplifiers have finite distortion and noise which they invariably add to the signal.

Professional touring amplifiers often have input and / or output filtering to sharply limit frequency response beyond ; too much of the amplifier's potential output power would otherwise be wasted on infrasonic and ultrasonic frequencies, and the danger of AM radio interference would increase.

For the non-univocal agent is the universal cause of the whole species, as for instance the sun is the cause of the generation of all men ; whereas the univocal agent is not the universal efficient cause of the whole species ( otherwise it would be the cause of itself, since it is contained in the species ), but is a particular cause of this individual which it places under the species by way of participation.

In social games, the players may make their calls orally ; otherwise, players use a bidding box containing cards for each possible call and place the respective card face up on the table in front of their position.

In this latter case, we would say that the function is unsatisfiable ; otherwise it is satisfiable.

From the 14th century, the term was also used for a junior member of a guild ( otherwise known as " yeomen ") or university ; hence, an ecclesiastic of an inferior grade, for example, a young monk or even recently appointed canon ( Severtius, de episcopis Lugdunen-sibus, p. 377, in du Cange ).

In late medieval England, congregations regularly received Communion only at Easter ; and otherwise individual lay people might expect to receive Communion only when gravely ill, or in the form of a Nuptial Mass on being married.

Towards the end of Hesiod's Theogony ( 1011f ), we find that Circe bore Odysseus three sons: Ardeas or Agrius ( otherwise unknown ); Latinus ; and Telegonus, who ruled over the Tyrsenoi, that is the Etruscans.

that was Harvard's first < span lang = la > summa cum laude </ span > chemistry degree ; and otherwise his academic record was undistinguished.

The Cape-Cairo Railway threaded through its eastern portion ; otherwise, travelling mostly had to be done on foot.

The cane toad is now considered a pest and an invasive species in many of its introduced regions ; of particular concern is its toxic skin, which kills many animals — native predators and otherwise — when ingested.

After the teams have completed their possessions, if one team is ahead, then it is declared the winner ; otherwise, the two teams each get another chance to score, scrimmaging from the other 35-yard line.