As Boers surrounded Ladysmith and opened fire on the town with siege guns, White ordered a major sortie against the Boer artillery positions.

The British troops went to war with what would prove to be antiquated tactics, and in some cases antiquated weapons, against the mobile Boer forces with the destructive fire of their modern Mausers, the latest Krupp field guns, and their innovative tactics.

They first saw significant military use during the Second Boer War, and reached their pinnacle during World War I where, together with machine guns, they were responsible for many casualties in the trench warfare that dominated that conflict and gave the defending side substantial advantage.

The British artillery, positioned lower down the slopes of Spion Kop, were unable to hit back at the Boer guns.

During the Second Boer War the British government realised its field artillery was being overtaken by more modern " quick firing " guns of other major powers, and investigated replacements for its existing field gun, the BL 15 pounder 7 cwt.

France also used improvised railways guns during the Siege of Paris ( 1870 – 1871 ) and the United Kingdom mounted a few guns on railway cars which saw action during the Siege and Relief of Ladysmith during the Second Boer War.

On November 7, 1900, during the Second Boer War, the Royal Canadian Dragoons engaged enemy Boers in the Battle of Leliefontein, where they rescued a minimum of three British guns from capture during a retreat from the banks of the Komati River.

The effective use of modern heavy field guns by the Boers during the Second Boer War ( 1899 – 1902 ) was a revelation to armies in Europe including the British.

Boer failure to assault and capture the guns, allowing the column to escape, probably represents their only major error during the war.

The battle began at around half past nine with a heavy bombardment with four 9-pound guns and two 7-pound guns of the British Naval Brigade pounding the Boer positions on Table Hill.

Meanwhile, the Boer guns maintained a galling fire, and kept in action by repeatedly moving their positions.

The supporters of these views feel that the Afrikaner designation ( or label ) was used from the 1930s onwards as a means of unifying ( politically at least ) the white Afrikaans speakers of the Western Cape with those of Trekboer and Voortrekker descent ( whose ancestors began migrating eastward during the late 17th century and throughout the 18th century and later northward during the Great Trek of the 1830s ) in the north of South Africa, where the Boer Republics were established.

Not all of those executed were leaders: Willie Pearse described himself as " a personal attaché to my brother, Patrick Pearse "; John MacBride had not even been aware of the Rising until it began, but had fought against the British in the Boer War fifteen years before ; Thomas Kent did not come out at all — he was executed for the killing of a police officer during the raid on his house the week after the Rising.

Politics and film began to intertwine with the reconstruction of the Boer War for a film audience and recordings of war in the Balkans.

From early November about 7, 500 Boer began their siege, again content to starve the town into submission.

Fostering a cult of personality, Chamberlain began to refer to himself in the third person as ' the Colonial Secretary ', and he ensured that the Boer War featured as the campaign's single issue, arguing that a Liberal victory would result in defeat in South Africa.

Following a decline in trade after the Second Boer War, and the arrival of increasing competition in cranes and dynamos from Germany and the United States, Royce began considering the motor car as a potential new product for the company.

During his coverage of the Second Boer War, Hobson began to form the idea that imperialism was the direct result of the expanding forces of modern capitalism.

In 1833 he had welcomed as workers among his people a band of French Protestant missionaries, and as the Boer immigrants began to settle in his neighborhood he decided to seek support from the British at the Cape.

French was ordered out of Ladysmith to take command of the newly forming Cavalry Division ; French and Haig escaped under fire on the last train out of Ladysmith as the Boer siege began.

His support of Britain's imperial interests ( notably the Second Boer War ) began to make him unpopular with his fellow socialists.

The 1st Battalion began the first year of the 20th century at war when it arrived in South Africa, in 1900, as reinforcements for British forces fighting Boers, in the Second Boer War.

The Second Boer War began two years later.

The war began on 11 October with a Boer invasion of the colony.

Three Boer storming groups of 100-200 men each began a slow advance up the hill.

His first service was as a midshipman on HMS Doris in 1899, serving at the Cape of Good Hope Station when the Second Boer War began.

De Boer began his career as a left back at Ajax before switching to centre back, a position he made his own for many years in the national team.

Boer resentment over the large number of foreigners ( Uitlanders ) in the Witwatersrand led to heavy taxes and the denial of voting rights for the gold miners, and in response the uitlanders and the British owners of the mines began to pressure the overthrow of the Boer government.

The Imperial commander, Kitchener ( temporarily replacing the unwell Roberts ), began the battle by ordering a charge straight at the Boer trenches.

The RAMC began to develop during the Boer War, but it was during the First World War that it reached its apogee both in size and experience.

It began on 16 January 1902 ; one hearing concerned the shooting of a Boer prisoner named Visser ; and the other concerned the so-called the " Eight Boers " case, in which it was alleged that Boer POWs had been summarily shot.

In December 1899 the Second Boer War began and the 1st Battalion arrived in Southern Africa to take part in it.

It returned to England in 1893, remaining there until the Second Boer War began in South Africa in 1899.

Despite Boer shelling, the 40, 000 inhabitants, of which only 5, 000 were armed, were under little threat as the town was well-stocked with provisions.

In one demonstration near Colesberg on 14 January 1900, Allenby commanded two squadrons, two companies of mounted infantry and a section of artillery in penetrating Boer lines, shelling a bridge and avoiding an attempt by the enemy to cut his force off.

* 1900 – The Battle of Elands River during the Second Boer War ends after a 13-day siege is lifted by the British.

Among these actions were the Seven Years ' War, the American Revolutionary War, the Napoleonic Wars, the First and Second Opium Wars, the Boxer Rebellion, the New Zealand land wars, the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the First and Second Boer Wars, the Fenian raids, the Irish War of Independence, its serial interventions into Afghanistan ( which were meant to maintain a friendly buffer state between British India and the Russian Empire ), and the Crimean War ( to keep the Russian Empire at a safe distance by coming to Turkey's aid ).

In addition to battling the armies of other European Empires ( and of its former colonies, the United States, in the American War of 1812 ), in the battle for global supremacy, the British Army fought the Chinese in the First and Second Opium Wars, and the Boxer Rebellion, Māori tribes in the first of the New Zealand Wars, Nawab Shiraj-ud-Daula's forces and British East India Company mutineers in the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the Boers in the First and Second Boer Wars, Irish Fenians in Canada during the Fenian raids and Irish separatists in the Anglo-Irish War.

The Maritz Rebellion or the Boer Revolt or the Five Shilling Rebellion or the Third Boer War, occurred in South Africa in 1914 at the start of World War I, in which men who supported the re-creation of the old Boer republics rose up against the government of the Union of South Africa because they did not want to side with the British against Germany so soon after they had had a long bloody war with the British.

Many Boers had German ancestry and many members of the government were themselves former Boer military leaders who had fought with the Maritz rebels against the British in the Second Boer War, which had ended only twelve years earlier.

The Boer quest for independence manifested in a tradition of declaring republics, which predates the arrival of the British ; when the British arrived, Boer republics had already been declared and were in rebellion from the VOC ( Dutch East India Company ).

Following the experience of the South African War of 1899-1902 ( where mounted Boer citizen commandos fighting on foot from cover proved superior to regular cavalry ) the British Army withdrew lances for all but ceremonial purposes and placed a new emphasis on training for dismounted action.

Both Belloc and Chesterton opposed British imperialism in general, as well as specifically opposing the Second Boer War, but supported British involvement in World War I.

The most important development in this area of special techniques occurred, arguably, in 1899, with the production of the short film Matches: An Appeal, a thirty-second long stop-motion animated piece intended to encourage the audience to send matches to British troops fighting the Boer War.

* 1900 – Second Boer War: In South Africa, 20, 000 British troops invade the Orange Free State.

* 1900 – Second Boer War: British troops fail in their third attempt to lift the Siege of Ladysmith.

* 1900 – Second Boer War: In South Africa, British military leaders receive an unconditional notice of surrender from Boer General Piet Cronje at the Battle of Paardeberg.