On his return to Copenhagen in 1950, Bohr began working with Ben Roy Mottelson to compare the theoretical work with experimental data.

In three papers which were published in 1952 – 53, Bohr and Mottelson demonstrated close agreement between theory and experiment ; for example, showing that the energy levels of certain nuclei could be described by a rotation spectrum.

Bohr and Mottelson continued to work together, publishing a two-volume monograph, Nuclear Structure.

Mottelson worked with Aage Bohr to compare the theoretical models with experimental data.

In three papers which were published in 1952 – 53, Bohr and Mottelson demonstrated close agreement between theory and experiment, for example showing that the energy levels of certain nuclei could be described by a rotation spectrum.

Rainwater, Bohr and Mottelson were jointly awarded the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics " for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection ".

Bohr and Mottelson continued to work together, publishing a two-volume monograph, Nuclear Structure.

These models challenged Aage Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson and James Rainwater's earlier ( 1975 Nobel Prize-winning ) theory that the nucleus has a perfect spherical shape.

** Physics-Aage Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson, James Rainwater

* 1969-Aage Bohr, Ben R. Mottelson, Floyd L. Culler, Jr., Henry S. Kaplan, Anthony L. Turkevich and Compton A. Rennie

Rabi chaired Columbia's physics department from 1945 to 1949, during which time it was home to two Nobel Laureates ( Rabi and Enrico Fermi ) and eleven future laureates, including seven faculty ( Polykarp Kusch, Willis Lamb, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, James Rainwater, Norman Ramsey, Charles Townes and Hideki Yukawa ), a research scientist ( Aage Bohr ), a visiting professor ( Hans Bethe ), a doctoral student ( Leon Lederman ) and an undergrad ( Leon Cooper ).

In 1950 – 51, James Rainwater and Aage Bohr had developed models of the atomic nucleus which began to take into account the behaviour of the individual nucleons.

Meanwhile, in 1913, physicist Niels Bohr suggested that the electrons were confined into clearly defined, quantized orbits, and could jump between these, but could not freely spiral inward or outward in intermediate states.

Shortly after, in 1913, Rutherford's postdoctoral student Niels Bohr proposed a new model of the atom, wherein electrons orbited the nucleus with classical periods, but were only permitted to have discrete values of angular momentum, quantized in units h / 2π.

Bohr was born in Copenhagen in 1922, and grew up surrounded by physicists such as Wolfgang Pauli and Werner Heisenberg, who were working with his father at the Institute for Theoretical Physics ( now the Niels Bohr Institute ) at the University of Copenhagen.

Still, Thomson's model ( along with a similar Saturnian ring model for atomic electrons, also put forward in 1904 by Nagaoka after James Clerk Maxwell's model of Saturn's rings ), were earlier harbingers of the later and more successful solar-system-like Bohr model of the atom.

The essential concepts of the interpretation were devised by Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg and others in the years 1924 – 27.

On the other hand, Bohr and Heisenberg were not in complete agreement, and they held different views at different times.

Although Bohr, Fowler, Pauli, and other physicists agreed with Chandrasekhar's analysis, at the time, owing to Eddington's status, they were unwilling to publicly support Chandrasekhar .< sup >, pp. 110 – 111 </ sup > Through the rest of his life, Eddington held to his position in his writings, including his work on his fundamental theory.

These assumptions, the cornerstones of the Bohr model, were not fully correct but did yield the correct energy answers.

In contrast to Niels Bohr, who proposed a statistical version of the conservation laws to explain the phenomenon, Pauli hypothesized an undetected particle that he called a " neutron " in keeping with convention employed for naming both the proton and the electron, which in 1930 were known to be respective products for alpha and beta decay.

Groups of electrons were thought to occupy a set of electron shells about the nucleus .< ref > In 1922, Niels Bohr updated his model of the atom by assuming that certain numbers of electrons ( for example 2, 8 and 18 ) corresponded to stable " closed shells ".

The foundations of quantum mechanics were established during the first half of the 20th century by Max Planck, Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Louis de Broglie, Arthur Compton, Albert Einstein, Erwin Schrödinger, Max Born, John von Neumann, Paul Dirac, Enrico Fermi, Wolfgang Pauli, David Hilbert, Wilhelm Wien, Satyendra Nath Bose, Arnold Sommerfeld and others.

These assumptions were hotly debated within the physics community, notably with Nobel laureates Einstein on one side and Niels Bohr on the other.

Bohr used his physical intuition to decide which quantities were best to quantize.

Although perturbation theory was used in the semi-classical theory of the Bohr atom, the calculations were monstrously complicated, and subject to somewhat ambiguous interpretation.

The first tier of continental high energy physicists ( Einstein, Bohr, Fermi, and Oppenheimer ) who did much of their early study and research in Germany, were either Jewish or, in the case of Enrico Fermi, married to a Jew.

The Bohr school required that only those quantities which were in principle measurable by spectroscopy should appear in the theory.

In the Bohr model, the allowed orbits were derived from quantized ( discrete ) values of orbital angular momentum, L according to the equation

By assuming blackbody radiation is quantized, Bohr showed that the atoms were also quantized, in the sense that they could only emit discrete amounts of energy.

The Bohr – Einstein debates were a series of public disputes about quantum mechanics between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr, who were two of its founders.

* Aage Bohr ( 1922 – 2009 ), Danish nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize in physics 1975, son of Niels Bohr

* Oral History interview transcript with Halton Arp 29 July 1975, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives

* Aage Bohr ( Physics, 1975 )

Aage Niels Bohr (; 19 June 1922 – 9 September 2009 ) was a Danish nuclear physicist and Nobel laureate, and the son of the famous physicist and Nobel laureate Niels Bohr.

* Aage Niels Bohr – Nobel Lecture

* 1885 – Niels Bohr, Danish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1962 )

File: Niels Bohr. jpg | Niels Bohr ( 1885-1962 ): used quantum mechanical model ( known as the Bohr model ) of the atom which theorized that electrons travel in discrete orbits around the nucleus, showed how electron energy levels are related to spectral lines, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.

* October 7 – Niels Bohr, Danish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1962 )

* November 18 – Niels Bohr, Danish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( b. 1885 )

* June 19 – Aage Bohr, Danish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 2009 )

" Majorana also travelled to Copenhagen, where he worked with Niels Bohr, another Nobel Prize winner, and a friend and mentor of Heisenberg.

* Niels Bohr ( 1885 – 1962 ), Danish atomic physicist, Nobel Prize in physics 1922

Christian Harald Lauritz Peter Emil Bohr ( 1855 – 1911, both in Copenhagen ) was a Danish physician, father of the physicist and Nobel laureate Niels Bohr, as well as the mathematician Harald Bohr and grandfather of another physicist and nobel laureate Aage Bohr.

In 1925, Franck received the Nobel Prize in Physics, mostly for his work in 1912-1914, which included the Franck-Hertz experiment, an important confirmation of the Bohr model of the atom.