These post-acute withdrawal symptoms have also been demonstrated in animal models of alcohol dependence and withdrawal.

These models were known as dwarf safeties, or safety bicycles, for their lower seat height and better weight distribution ( although without pneumatic tires the ride of the smaller-wheeled bicycle would be much rougher than that of the larger-wheeled variety ).

These models solve the horizon problem through an expanding epoch well before the Big Bang, and then generate the required spectrum of primordial density perturbations during a contracting phase leading to a Big Crunch.

These include models to study the electronic properties of solids, such as the Drude model, the Band structure and the density functional theory.

These models could not easily be reconciled with the way objects are observed to behave on the macro scale of everyday life.

These bonds exist between two particular identifiable atoms, and have a direction in space, allowing them to be shown as single connecting lines between atoms in drawings, or modeled as sticks between spheres in models.

These models predict an upward trend in the global mean surface temperature, with the most rapid increase in temperature being projected for the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.

These vehicles typically sacrifice some depth of capability from civilian models in order to gain greater speed and independence from prime movers.

These models appear to have been sold only for a year or two.

These have more to do with the simplified models of bulk matter used, and in any case have nothing to do with general relativity, and need to be excluded.

These models were popular in the 1960s, 1970s, but nowadays can be found primarily in old legacy systems.

These models also featured an innovation with a generator that doubled up as a self-starter, which was mounted directly on the crankshaft.

These models where produced with a 1, 000 cc two-stroke engine, with a choice between or S versions until 1963.

These are represented in theoretical and empirical forms ( as in the neoclassical and endogenous growth models ) and in growth accounting.

These models afford advantages over classical test theory, including the capacity to produce standard errors of measurement for each score or pattern of scores on assessments and the capacity to handle missing responses.

These models of socialism are not to be confused with other forms of market socialism ( e. g. the Lange model ) where publicly owned enterprises are coordinated by a degree of economic planning in setting prices for capital goods.

These “ rate-distortion ” models suggest that the genetic code originated as a result of the interplay of the three conflicting evolutionary forces: the needs for diverse amino-acids, for error-tolerance and for minimal cost of resources.

Note: These models refer to Lie algebras not to Lie groups.

These are written in rhyming couplets, and again draw on French models such as Chrétien de Troyes, many of them relating Arthurian material, for example, Parzival by Wolfram von Eschenbach.

These models are black box systems, using mathematical and statistical concepts to link a certain input ( for instance rainfall ) to the model output ( for instance runoff ).

These models try to represent the physical processes observed in the real world.

These models are known as deterministic hydrology models.

These models focus on the unrestrained seigniorage of the monetary authority, and the gains from the inflation tax.

These models include the Radio Shack TandyVision, the GTE-Sylvania Intellivision, and the Sears Super Video Arcade.

These studies have been challenged by several Brazilian ministries, which assert that recent improvements in environmental laws, enforcement and public attitudes have fundamentally reduced the threat posed to forests by such projects.

) These all challenged Westernized ruling elites on behalf of ' authenticity ' and tradition.

These challenged a prevailing but largely untested view on their relative importance.

These figures came to be known as Grace's " traditional " career record and granted him 126 first-class centuries, a total beaten by Jack Hobbs in 1925 ; it was not until Roy Webber's researches in the 1950s that Ashley-Cooper's list was challenged.

These events directly challenged the long-held notion of an immutable universe supported by Ptolemy and Aristotle, and led to major revolutions in astronomy and science.

These claims were challenged from the outset.

These characteristics are often challenged when faced with a disability and the boy or man must reshape what it means to be masculine.

These doubts were rejected in 2005 when members of the Countryside Alliance unsuccessfully challenged the validity of the Hunting Act 2004, which had been passed under the auspices of the Act.

" These lines have often challenged modern singers, who have been unsure whether they are high tenor parts or are meant for falsettists ".

These were challenged by the European Community under the GATT.

These controversies soon faded into the background while Jack Warner challenged the validity of the production code by publicly requiring theaters showing the film to post an " Adults only " label and restrict tickets sales accordingly.

In Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines 359 U. S. 520, 524 ( 1959 ), the United States Supreme Court stated: ' These safety measures carry a strong presumption of validity when challenged in court.

These views have been challenged by many in the Israeli media, culminating in an article published in the Israeli Ynet on February 14, 2011 authored by Martin Sherman who argues:

These radicals are often said to undergo uncatalyzed coupling to form the lignin polymer, but this hypothesis has been recently challenged.

These organized competitions evolved from actual old school " battles " where DJs challenged each other at parties, and the " judge " was usually the audience, who would indicate their collective will by cheering louder for the DJ they thought performed better.

Similarly, another classic study conducted by Bruner and Leo Postman showed slower reaction times and less accurate answers when a deck of playing cards reversed the color of the suit symbol for some cards ( e. g. red spades and black hearts ). These series of experiments issued in what some called the ' New Look ' psychology, which challenged psychologists to study not just an organism's response to a stimulus, but also its internal interpretation.

These Franciscans are challenged to live an integrated life through prayer, community, and their ministry to serve the poor, neglected and disadvantaged youth, the powerless, people in need, and the elderly.

Down These Mean Streets has either been banned or challenged in Salinas, CA ; Teaneck, NJ ; Darien, CT ; District 25 in Queens, NYC, NY ; and in Long Island, NY.

These two citizen organizations and their combined strategies of lobbying, public relations, and grassroots organizing challenged Robert Moses, who had been thwarted by community efforts only twice before: In 1956, mothers who frequented Manhattan ’ s Central Park with their young children successfully had stopped a proposed parking lot expansion by challenging Moses in court.

These have never been challenged.

These authors were awarded patents on the effects which were never enforced but also never challenged.

These Israeli statements are rarely if ever challenged or reported as verified.

These changes were unpopular amongst teachers, school board members, opposition politicians, and union officials who argued that the decision not to fund the pay increases agreed to by the outgoing New Democratic Party government resulted in funding gaps. The changes made were challenged by the BC teacher's federation, and were later found to be unconstitutional.

As the archaeologist Bruce Trigger noted, culture-historical archaeology " was a response to growing awareness of geographical variability in the archaeological record at a time when cultural evolutionism was being challenged … These developments were accompanied by growing nationalism and racism, which made ethnicity appear to be the most important factor shaping human history.