This also led to the collapse of the Tiwanaku civilization around Lake Titicaca in present-day Bolivia.

As a result of the War of the Pacific with Peru and Bolivia ( 1879 – 1883 ), Chile expanded its territory northward by almost one-third and acquired valuable nitrate deposits, the exploitation of which led to an era of national affluence.

* 1809 – The city of La Paz, in what is today Bolivia, declares its independence from the Spanish Crown during the La Paz revolution and forms the Junta Tuitiva, the first independent government in Spanish America, led by Pedro Domingo Murillo.

* July 16 – The city of La Paz ( current Bolivia ) declares its independence from the Spanish Crown and forms the Junta Tuitiva, the first independent government in Spanish America, led by Pedro Domingo Murillo.

In Bolivia, the government led by Evo Morales has been working with NGOs and other research centres to do the same.

Simón Bolívar ( Greater Colombia, Peru, Bolivia ), José de San Martín ( United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, Chile, and Peru ), and Bernardo O ' Higgins ( Chile ) led their independence struggle.

In an attempt to obtain international acceptance for the legal recognition of traditional use of coca in their respective countries, Peru and Bolivia successfully led an amendment, paragraph 2 of Article 14 into the 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, stipulating that measures to eradicate illicit cultivation and to eliminate illicit demand “ should take due account of traditional licit use, where there is historic evidence of such use .” Bolivia also made a formal reservation to the 1988 Convention, which required countries to adopt measures to establish the use, consumption, possession, purchase or cultivation of the coca leaf for personal consumption as a criminal offence.

During his lifetime, he led Venezuela, Colombia ( including Panama at the time ), Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia to independence, and helped lay the foundations for democratic ideology in much of Latin America.

Bolivia invaded in July 1932 and, despite its legitimate claim to what historically had been its territory, its government's ties to Standard Oil of New Jersey ( with whom the Argentine government was in dispute over its alleged pirating of oil in Salta Province ) led Buenos Aires to withhold diplomatic efforts until, in June 1935, a cease-fire was signed.

Increased production of hydrocarbons, especially natural gas, led Bolivia ’ s trade upturn in 2010.

During the 1980s, Hispanic and Caribbean immigrants from countries such as El Salvador, Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru, Jamaica and elsewhere in the West Indies led a new wave of migration into the community.

The work of Canadian Baptists led to the guarantee of freedom of religion in Bolivia in 1905.

On 14 May 1941, Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano was reorganized as a state-owned company and became the flag carrier of Bolivia, which led to an expansion of the destinations served, as well as a fleet modernization.

Kundt had led a military mission to Bolivia prior to World War I.

It was thus that Tejada was finally removed from office in a coup d ' état which was led by Major Germán Busch and which installed as de-facto President of Bolivia Colonel David Toro on May 17, 1936.

" He returned to Bolivia in 1951, on the eve of the 1952 revolution led by the MNR political party, which transformed Bolivia from a semi-feudal oligarchy to a multiparty democracy by introducing universal suffrage, nationalizing the mines of the three Tin Barons, and carrying out a sweeping agrarian reform.

These movements led to the formation of the modern-day republics of Peru, Chile, Colombia, Panama, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Venezuela, Brazil ( Rio Grande do Sul, Acre, Roraima ) Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago in the territories that at one point or another had constituted the Viceroyalty of Peru.

The much shrunken ICFI consisted at this point of the SLL, Lambert's Organisation Communiste Internationaliste ( the PCI as rebranded in 1966 ) and smaller groups around Europe and Latin America, most notably the POR in Bolivia led by Guillermo Lora and the Politica Obrera group in Argentina led by Jorge Altamira.

In 1924, Murray led a group of Oklahoma ranchers who formed a colony in southeastern Bolivia.

During the Peninsular War in Spain, Upper Peru ( today Bolivia ) closely followed the reports that arrived describing the rapidly evolving political situation in Spain, which led the Peninsula to near anarchy.

It ultimately led to the Chilean annexation of the Peruvian Tarapacá department and Arica province, as well as the Bolivian department of Litoral, leaving Bolivia as a landlocked country.

However, these claims were given up in about 1870 during the War of the Pacific between Chile, the allied Bolivia and Peru, in a diplomatic deal to keep Argentina out of the war.

Bolivia traditionally has maintained normal diplomatic relations with all hemispheric states except Chile.

Since the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and Bolivia in 1985, relations have expanded from economic and cultural ties to military, transport, infrastructure, raw materials, education and other areas.

Several countries once had diplomatic relations with Israel, but have since broken or suspended them ( Bolivia, Cuba, Nicaragua and Venezuela in Latin America ; Mauritania in the Arab League ; Chad, Guinea, Mali and Niger in non-Arab Africa ; and Iran until the Islamic revolution ).

In 1975, Banzer restored diplomatic relations with Chile, broken since 1962, with an eye toward obtaining an access to the Pacific Ocean, denied to Bolivia since the loss of its maritime coast in the 19th century War of the Pacific.

Peru sent a diplomatic team headed by José Antonio de Lavalle, a senior diplomat, to mediate with the Chilean government and request that Chile return Antofagasta to Bolivia.

Chilean President Ricardo Lagos, whose country has had a history of diplomatic conflict with Bolivia ( see War of the Pacific ) was also present and met with the dignitary in private.

Pérez de Cuéllar joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1940 and the diplomatic service in 1944, serving subsequently as Secretary at Peru's embassies in France, where he met and married his first wife, the former Yvette Roberts ; the United Kingdom, Bolivia, and Brazil.

Later that year, Bolivia severed diplomatic relations with Chile.

Venezuela broke off diplomatic relations with the U. S. in September 2008 in solidarity with Bolivia after a U. S. ambassador was accused of cooperating with violent anti-government groups in that country, though relations were reestablished under President Barack Obama in June 2009.

Paraguay acquired diplomatic prestige thanks to the designation of the people he made representatives of the country, they were: Manuel Gondra in the United States and Mexico, Fulgencio R. Moreno in Bolivia and Cecilio Báez in Europe.

All these events fell victim to the cost-financial, social and environmental-of putting them on in an increasingly complex and developed world, although smaller road races continued long after, and a few still do in countries like Bolivia.

Evo Morales said that Bolivia is ready to accept outside investment in its energy and natural resource industries as long as foreign firms do not act as owners and that Bolivia is " looking for investment, be it from private or state sector.

He managed to penetrate the outer defenses of the Inca Empire on the hills of the Andes, in present-day Bolivia, the first European to do so, eight years before Francisco Pizarro.

Today Tupi languages are still heard in Brazil ( states of Maranhão, Pará, Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo ) as well as in French Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina.

Records do support wintering in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina.

This mammal is found in open and semi-open habitats, especially grasslands with scattered bushes and trees, in south, central-west and south-eastern Brazil ( Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Goiás, São Paulo, Federal District and recently Rio Grande do Sul ), Paraguay, northern Argentina, Bolivia east and north of the Andes, and far south-eastern Peru ( Pampas del Heath only ).

# Do you or do you not agree that Bolivia should export gas as part of a national policy framework that ensures the gas needs of Bolivians ; encourages the industrialization of gas in the nation's territory ; levies taxes and / or royalties of up to 50 % of the production value of oil and gas on oil companies, for the nation's benefit ; and earmarks revenues from the export and industrialization of gas mainly for education, health, roads, and jobs?

In 1906, Bauru was chosen as the starting point of the Estrada de Ferro Noroeste do Brasil, which linked by rail, Bauru to Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, near the border with Bolivia.

The Gran Chaco ( Quechua chaku, " hunting land ") is a sparsely populated, hot and semi-arid lowland natural region of the Río de la Plata basin, divided among eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, northern Argentina and a portion of the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, where it is connected with the Pantanal region.

Most of it lies within the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul, but it extends into Mato Grosso and portions of Bolivia and Paraguay, sprawling over an area estimated at between

Luis Gálvez Rodríguez de Arias was a Spanish journalist in Belém do Pará who on June 3, 1899 denounced a claimed agreement between USA and Bolivia that stated that the United States would support Bolivia in a possible war against Brazil.

Chilevisión also reaches Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, continental Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay through the Brazilian satellite Estrela do Sul.

It has been found in Mexico, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Corrientes in Argentina, Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, and Texas and Arizona in the United States.

It takes two days, two bureaucratic procedures, and $ 280 to open a business in Canada while an entrepreneur in Bolivia must pay $ 2, 696 in fees, wait 82 business days, and go through 20 procedures to do the same.

Copernicia alba is a South American species of palm tree, which is found in the humid part of the Gran Chaco ecoregion in Bolivia, Paraguay, Colombia, Brazil ( in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul ) and Argentina ( especially the province of Formosa, and less abundantly towards drier areas ).

Prochilodus lineatus ( synonym P. platensis ) is a South American species of ray-finned fish that inhabits the basin of the Paraná River and the Paraguay River in the Argentine Mesopotamia and Paraguay, the Pilcomayo River in Bolivia, and the Paraíba do Sul River in Brazil.