* 1809 – The city of La Paz, in what is today Bolivia, declares its independence from the Spanish Crown during the La Paz revolution and forms the Junta Tuitiva, the first independent government in Spanish America, led by Pedro Domingo Murillo.

Bolivia faced Marxist-Leninist revolution in the 1960s that included Che Guevara as a leader until being killed there by government forces.

* November 9 – Gen. Hugo Banzer, president of the military government of Bolivia, announces that the constitutional democracy will be restored in 1978 instead of 1980 as previously provided.

* The presence and rise of a significant number of women as heads of state and heads of government in a number of countries across the world, many being the first women to hold such positions, such as Soong Ching-ling continuing as the first Chairwoman of the People's Republic of China until 1972, Isabel Martínez de Perón as the first woman President in Argentina in 1974 until being deposed in 1976, Elisabeth Domitien becomes the first woman Prime Minister of Lesotho, Indira Gandhi continuing as Prime Minister of India until 1977, Lidia Gueiler Tejada becoming the interim President of Bolivia beginning from 1979 to 1980, Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo becoming the first woman Prime Minister of Portugal in 1979, and Margaret Thatcher becoming the first woman Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

* July 16 – The city of La Paz ( current Bolivia ) declares its independence from the Spanish Crown and forms the Junta Tuitiva, the first independent government in Spanish America, led by Pedro Domingo Murillo.

** In Bolivia, General Luis Gracia Meza leads a bloody coup d ' état against the elected government of Lidia Gayler.

Nuestra Señora de La Paz (; ; ) is the seat of government of Bolivia, as well as the departmental capital of the La Paz Department, and the second largest city in the country ( in population ) after Santa Cruz de la Sierra.

While the official capital of Bolivia is Sucre and it is the seat of Justice, La Paz has more government departments, hence the " de facto " qualifier.

Bolivia invaded in July 1932 and, despite its legitimate claim to what historically had been its territory, its government's ties to Standard Oil of New Jersey ( with whom the Argentine government was in dispute over its alleged pirating of oil in Salta Province ) led Buenos Aires to withhold diplomatic efforts until, in June 1935, a cease-fire was signed.

The politics of Bolivia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the president is head of state, head of government and head of a pluriform multi-party system.

Bolivia is the third largest producer of cocaine, estimated at 120 metric tons potential pure cocaine in 2007 and a transit country for Peruvian and Colombian cocaine destined for Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Europe and the U. S. The Bolivian government, in response to international pressure, has worked to restrict coca cultivation for the use of producing cocaine.

Dwindling profits and surging cost of production have made small villages economy in Bolivia extremely venerable and unstable ; as a result, unemployment rate sours and small business is on the verge of bankruptcy, which in return made government intervention very inefficient and deferred many governmental initiatives and attempts to improve the condition.

Bolivia ’ s stock market expanded in 1998 to include corporate bonds, along with the money market and government bond options that had existed previously.

The country ’ s natural gas reserves total according to Bolivian government figures, ranking Bolivia behind only Venezuela in terms of proven natural gas reserves in South America.

In March 2004, Mesa announced that the government would stage a series of public rallies across the country and in Bolivian embassies abroad in remembrance of those who died in the War of the Pacific, and to call for Chile to grant Bolivia a seacoast.

The government of Bolivia has acknowledged that children as young as 14 may have been forcibly conscripted into the armed forces during recruitment sweeps.

Moving government operations to Bolivia helped the town greatly.

* Bolivia: capital Sucre, seat of government La Paz.

* Bolivia: Sucre is still the constitutional capital, but most of the national government long ago abandoned that region for La Paz.

The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia.

Acclaimed investigator and former DEA agent Michael Levine has alleged that the CIA participated in orchestrating the 1980 Cocaine Coup in Bolivia to install an Operation Condor military government, in place of the pre-coup civilian government.

The pre-coup government had collaborated with the DEA in bringing leaders of the Roberto Suarez cartel to justice, and Levine alleges that the CIA not only intervened judicially to release the extradited cartel leaders and allow their flight to Bolivia, but also enabled them to collaborate with right-wing military factions in overthrowing the civilian government that had collaborated with the DEA.

This also led to the collapse of the Tiwanaku civilization around Lake Titicaca in present-day Bolivia.

As a result of the War of the Pacific with Peru and Bolivia ( 1879 – 1883 ), Chile expanded its territory northward by almost one-third and acquired valuable nitrate deposits, the exploitation of which led to an era of national affluence.

Simón Bolívar ( Greater Colombia, Peru, Bolivia ), José de San Martín ( United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, Chile, and Peru ), and Bernardo O ' Higgins ( Chile ) led their independence struggle.

In an attempt to obtain international acceptance for the legal recognition of traditional use of coca in their respective countries, Peru and Bolivia successfully led an amendment, paragraph 2 of Article 14 into the 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, stipulating that measures to eradicate illicit cultivation and to eliminate illicit demand “ should take due account of traditional licit use, where there is historic evidence of such use .” Bolivia also made a formal reservation to the 1988 Convention, which required countries to adopt measures to establish the use, consumption, possession, purchase or cultivation of the coca leaf for personal consumption as a criminal offence.

Bolivia led a diplomatic effort to do so beginning in March 2009, but eighteen countries out of a total of 184, those 18 being listed as followed ( chronologically: the United States, Sweden, United Kingdom, Latvia, Japan, Canada, France, Germany, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Italy, Mexico, Russian Federation, Malaysia, Singapore, and Ukraine ) objected to the change before the January 2011 deadline.

During his lifetime, he led Venezuela, Colombia ( including Panama at the time ), Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia to independence, and helped lay the foundations for democratic ideology in much of Latin America.

Increased production of hydrocarbons, especially natural gas, led Bolivia ’ s trade upturn in 2010.

During the 1980s, Hispanic and Caribbean immigrants from countries such as El Salvador, Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru, Jamaica and elsewhere in the West Indies led a new wave of migration into the community.

The work of Canadian Baptists led to the guarantee of freedom of religion in Bolivia in 1905.

On 14 May 1941, Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano was reorganized as a state-owned company and became the flag carrier of Bolivia, which led to an expansion of the destinations served, as well as a fleet modernization.

Kundt had led a military mission to Bolivia prior to World War I.

It was thus that Tejada was finally removed from office in a coup d ' état which was led by Major Germán Busch and which installed as de-facto President of Bolivia Colonel David Toro on May 17, 1936.

" He returned to Bolivia in 1951, on the eve of the 1952 revolution led by the MNR political party, which transformed Bolivia from a semi-feudal oligarchy to a multiparty democracy by introducing universal suffrage, nationalizing the mines of the three Tin Barons, and carrying out a sweeping agrarian reform.

These movements led to the formation of the modern-day republics of Peru, Chile, Colombia, Panama, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Venezuela, Brazil ( Rio Grande do Sul, Acre, Roraima ) Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago in the territories that at one point or another had constituted the Viceroyalty of Peru.

The much shrunken ICFI consisted at this point of the SLL, Lambert's Organisation Communiste Internationaliste ( the PCI as rebranded in 1966 ) and smaller groups around Europe and Latin America, most notably the POR in Bolivia led by Guillermo Lora and the Politica Obrera group in Argentina led by Jorge Altamira.

In 1924, Murray led a group of Oklahoma ranchers who formed a colony in southeastern Bolivia.

During the Peninsular War in Spain, Upper Peru ( today Bolivia ) closely followed the reports that arrived describing the rapidly evolving political situation in Spain, which led the Peninsula to near anarchy.

It ultimately led to the Chilean annexation of the Peruvian Tarapacá department and Arica province, as well as the Bolivian department of Litoral, leaving Bolivia as a landlocked country.

The insects that spread the disease are known by various local names, including vinchuca in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Paraguay, barbeiro ( the barber ) in Brazil, pito in Colombia, chinche in Central America, chipo in Venezuela, chupança, chinchorro, and " the kissing bug ".

It is unclear whether this first expedition was the expedition by Jacques l ' Hermite to the coast of Chile, Peru and Bolivia, set up by Stadthouder Maurice with the support of the States General and the VOC.

Árbol de Piedra, a rock formation in the Altiplano, Bolivia sculpted by wind erosion.

In expelling the Soviet Union, the League broke its own rule: only 7 of 15 members of the Council voted for expulsion ( Great Britain, France, Belgium, Bolivia, Egypt, South Africa, and the Dominican Republic ), short of the majority required by the Covenant.

Chuño is a freeze-dried potato product traditionally made by Quechua and Aymara communities of Peru and Bolivia, and is known in various countries of South America, including Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile.

The medicinal properties of the cinchona tree were originally discovered by the Quechua, who are indigenous to Peru and Bolivia ; later, the Jesuits were the first to bring the cinchona to Europe.

Che Guevara attempted to inspire the peasants of Bolivia by his own example into a change of consciousness.

* November 6 – Western bandits Butch Cassidy and The Sundance Kid are supposedly killed in Bolivia, after being surrounded by a large group of soldiers.

* December 22 – Archives of Terror discovered by Dr. Martín Almada detailing the fates of thousands of Latin Americans who had been secretly kidnapped, tortured, and killed by the security services of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

* Potosí, in modern day Bolivia, is founded by the Spanish as a mining town.

* 1, 098, 581 km < sup > 2 </ sup > -- Bolivia ( country ranked 27th by area )

It is owned and paid for by several countries: Venezuela ( which provides 54 % of the network's budget ), Argentina ( 15 %), Cuba ( 14 %), Uruguay ( 7 %), Bolivia ( 5 %) and Nicaragua ( 5 %).

The ship was abandoned and the following year, another similar vessel, Ra II, was built of totora by Demetrio, Juan and Jose Limachi from Lake Titicaca in Bolivia and likewise set sail across the Atlantic from Morocco, this time with great success.

It was once thought that this high inflation was caused by the large influx of gold and silver from the Spanish treasure fleet from the New World, especially the silver of Bolivia and Mexico which began to be mined in large quantities from 1545.

La Paz Metropolitan area, formed by the cities of La Paz, El Alto and Viacha, make the most populous urban area of Bolivia, with a population of 2. 3 million inhabitants and surpassing the metropolitan area of Santa Cruz de la Sierra.

Historically, industry in Bolivia has been dominated by mineral processing and the preparation of agricultural products.

These were the words used by Andre Rebouças, an engineer, in his book " Provinces of Paraná, Railways to Mato Grosso and Bolivia ", which started up the campaign aimed at preserving the Iguaçu Falls in 1876, when Yellowstone National Park, the first national park in the world, was four years old.