In political economy, Bortkiewicz is important for his analysis of Karl Marx's reproduction schema in the last two volumes of Capital.

V. K. Dmitriev, writing in 1898, Ladislaus von Bortkiewicz, writing in 1906-07, and subsequent critics have alleged that Marx's value theory and law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall are internally inconsistent.

Bortkiewicz used it in the sense of making conjectures that the Greek term has borne since the days of the ancient philosophers, and after the title of " Ars Conjectandi " that Jakob Bernoulli gave to his work ( published in 1713 ) on probability theory.

* 1868 – Ladislaus Bortkiewicz, Russian mathematician ( d. 1931 )

Benjamin Britten, Paul Hindemith, Alexandre Tansman, Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Sergei Prokofiev, Franz Schmidt, Sergei Bortkiewicz, and Richard Strauss all produced pieces for him.

He was of minor nobility: for his earlier publication he used the German style " von " as Ladislaus von Bortkewitsch, for his later publications he changed it slightly to Ladislaus von Bortkiewicz.

Bortkiewicz was born in Saint Petersburg, Imperial Russia ( today Russia ) where he graduated from the Law Faculty in 1890.

Bortkiewicz showed that those numbers follow a Poisson distribution.

Some have suggested that the Poisson distribution should have been named the " Bortkiewicz distribution.

Bortkiewicz attempted to predict how many pieces of artillery would overheat in an intensive battle.

Making use of Dmitriev ´ s analysis of Ricardo, Bortkiewicz proved that the data used by Marx was sufficient to calculate the general profit rate and relative prices.

Bortkiewicz died in Berlin, Germany.

* Joseph Schumpeter: Ladislaus von Bortkiewicz, Economic Journal, Vol.

* Emil Julius Gumbel: Ladislaus von Bortkiewicz, International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 2 ( New York, 1968 ), pp. 128 – 131.

* February 16-Sergei Bortkiewicz, Russian composer and pianist ( d. 1952 )

The results of these commissions include concertante pieces for orchestra and piano left hand by Bortkiewicz, Britten, Hindemith, Janáček, Korngold, Martinů, Prokofiev, Ravel, Franz Schmidt, Richard Strauss, and others.

* Ladislaus Bortkiewicz publishes a book about the Poisson distribution, The Law of Small Numbers, first noting that events with low frequency in a large population follow a Poisson distribution even when the probabilities of the events vary.

Sergei Bortkiewicz (, Sergéj Eduárdovič Bortkévič ;, Serhíj Eduárdovyč Bortkévyč ; – 25 October 1952 ) was a Ukrainian-born with Polish roots Russian Romantic composer and pianist.

Sergei Eduardovich Bortkiewicz was born in Kharkiv, Kharkiv Governorate ( in present-day Ukraine ) on 28 February 1877 in a Polish noble family ( Father-Edward Bortkiewicz, mother Zofia Bortkiewicz née Uszyńska ) and spent most of his childhood on the family estate of Artemivka, near Kharkiv.

A group action is an extension to the definition of a symmetry group in which every element of the group " acts " like a bijective transformation ( or " symmetry ") of some set, without being identified with that transformation.

The transformation of an inflationary development into the hyperinflation has to be identified as a very complex phenomenon, which could be a further advanced research avenue of the complexity economics in conjunction with research areas like mass hysteria, bandwagon effect, social brain and mirror neurons.

Barbara Vine's novel The Chimney Sweeper's Boy has as a central plot device a moth of that name, more formally identified as Epichnopterix plumella, which represents the main character's transformation and identity.

Inari's female aspect is often identified or conflated with Dakiniten, a Buddhist deity who is a Japanese transformation of the Indian dakini, or with Benzaiten of the Seven Lucky Gods.

Codes were long believed to be more secure than ciphers, since ( if the compiler of the codebook did a good job ) there is no pattern of transformation which can be discovered, whereas ciphers use a consistent transformation, which can potentially be identified and reversed ( except in the case of the one-time pad ).

She has also been identified with the Hindu mother warrior goddess, and Kali, the black mother goddess of destruction, transformation and protection in Hinduism.

In the same way that a tangent vector at a point can be identified with the list ( v < sup > i </ sup >), subject to a certain transformation law under coordinate transitions, we have to know how the list is affected by a transition.

Drawing upon the idealist philosophy of Benedetto Croce, Gobetti identified cultural change with a spiritual transformation that would unite public and private life.

However, waterway transformation has been successfully identified in the Amazonian landscape.

* Function: An activity, process, or transformation ( modeled by an IDEF0 box ) identified by a verb or verb phrase that describes what must be accomplished.

These weaknesses were identified in a number of Government Accountability Office audits and prompted the passage of the Clinger-Cohen Act, establishment of the Global Information Grid, and establishment of the DoD Architecture Framework as a part of the business transformation mission of the Department of Defense.

This was partly a consequence of his ships being stationed at Rosyth, rather than Scapa Flow with the main fleet, since local facilities at Rosyth were limited, but this was a problem identified months before Jutland which Beatty had failed to correct.

Despite the fact that Brite's first novel was criticized by some mainstream sources for allegedly " lack a moral center: neither terrifyingly malevolent supernatural creatures nor ( like Anne Rice's protagonists ) tortured souls torn between good and evil, these vampires simply add blood-drinking to the amoral panoply of drug abuse, problem drinking and empty sex practiced by their human counterparts ", many of these so-called " human counterparts " identified with the teen angst and goth music references therein, keeping the book in print.

Once identified, these types of hypoglycemia are readily reversed and prevented, and the underlying disease becomes the primary problem.

Some " Boston anarchists ", including Benjamin Tucker, identified themselves as " socialists ", which in the 19th century was often used in the sense of a commitment to improving conditions of the working class ( i. e. " the labor problem ").

In 1788, the Virginia Ratifying Convention attempted to solve the problem that Hamilton and the Federalists had identified by proposing a constitutional amendment specifying:

This presents Zeno's problem not with finding the sum, but rather with finishing a task with an infinite number of steps: how can one ever get from A to B, if an infinite number of ( non-instantaneous ) events can be identified that need to precede the arrival at B, and one cannot reach even the beginning of a " last event "?

The problem of mutual exclusion was first identified and solved by Edsger W. Dijkstra in his seminal 1965 paper titled: Solution of a problem in concurrent programming control.

" Faced with the problem of " madness ," Western individualism proved to be ill-prepared to defend the rights of the individual: modern man has no more right to be a madman than medieval man had a right to be a heretic because if once people agree that they have identified the one true God, or Good, it brings about that they have to guard members and nonmembers of the group from the temptation to worship false gods or goods.

Joseph Ratzinger, later elected pope, identified three overall motifs in Dei Verbum: ( 1 ) the new view of the phenomenon of tradition ; ( 2 ) the theological problem of the application of critical historical methods to the interpretation of Scripture ; and ( 3 ) the biblical movement that had been growing from the turn of the twentieth century.

Grim 31, an AC-130 aircraft providing fire support and reconnaissance for the assault, spotted Harriman's convoy and, due to a failure in its inertial navigation system, believed it was in a position away from friendly forces ( this was due to a problem with the " glint " panels which should have identified the convoy as American ).

One problem with these arguments is that these laws might restrict the ability of individuals to engage in actions without an identified victim and actually harm a larger society.

Longtime observers of the Ghanaian political scene, however, identified two major issues at stake in the conflict between the government and its critics: the means by which political stability was to be achieved, and the problem of attaining sustained economic growth.

According to Szasz, “ the therapeutic state swallows up everything human on the seemingly rational ground that nothing falls outside the province of health and medicine, just as the theological state had swallowed up everything human on the perfectly rational ground that nothing falls outside the province of God and religion .” Faced with the problem of “ madness ,” Western individualism proved to be ill prepared to defend the rights of the individual: modern man has no more right to be a madman than medieval man had a right to be a heretic because if once people agree that they have identified the one true God, or Good, it brings about that they have to guard members and nonmembers of the group from the temptation to worship false gods or goods.

* a differential equation of motion, usually identified as some physical law and applying definitions of physical quantities, is used to set up an equation for the problem,

PRMs identified topics to be researched by the NSC, defined the problem to be analyzed, set a deadline for the completion of the study, and assigned responsibility for it to one of the two NSC committees.

A ' problem ' is an unknown underlying cause of one or more incidents, and a ' known error ' is a problem that is successfully diagnosed and for which either a work-around or a permanent resolution has been identified.

: A problem is a condition often identified as a result of multiple incidents that exhibit common symptoms.

: A known error is a condition identified by successful diagnosis of the root cause of a problem, and the subsequent development of a work-around.

Johnson and Johnson initially denied any responsibility, but the problem was later identified as the result of a leaky pipe on the company's property.

In the 1970s this problem, which is particularly nettlesome for GaAs-based lasers emitting between 0. 630 µm and 1 µm wavelengths ( less so for InP based lasers used for long-haul telecommunications which emit between 1. 3 µm and 2 µm ), was identified.

While Haughey had identified the problem with the economy he did the exact opposite of what he said he would do.

Other feminists, particularly those identified with sex-positive feminism, take a different view of sexual objectification and see it as a problem when it is not counterbalanced by women's sense of their own sexual subjectivity.