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Boudica (; alternative spelling: Boudicca ), also known as Boadicea and known in Welsh as Buddug ( d. AD 60 or 61 ) was queen of the British Iceni tribe who led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire.
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Boudica and spelling
Irish bua ( Classical Irish buadh ), Buaidheach, Welsh buddugoliaeth ), and that the correct spelling of the name in the British language is Boudica, pronounced ( the closest English equivalent to the vowel in the first syllable is the ow in " bow-and-arrow ").
Boudica and Boudicca
His other operas include Amalie ( premiered 1995 at the Musikteateret Undergrunden in Aarhus ), Dronning Boudicca ( Queen Boudica ) ( premiered in 1997 at Anden Opera in Copenhagen ) and I-K-O-N ( premiered in 2002 at the Royal Danish Theatre.
Boudica and ),
In more recent times, Boudica has been the subject of numerous documentaries, including some by Discovery Channel, History International Channel ( now known as H2 ), and the BBC.
Boudica has been the subject of two feature films, the 1928 film Boadicea, where she was portrayed by Phyllis Neilson-Terry, and 2003's Boudica ( Warrior Queen in the US ), a UK TV film written by Andrew Davies and starring Alex Kingston as Boudica.
According to Tacitus ( Annals 14. 35 ), Boudica, queen of the Iceni and a number of other tribes in a formidable uprising against the occupying Roman forces, addressed her troops from a chariot in AD 61:
Although it was recorded as suffering a defeat at the hands of the Silures in 52, the II Augusta proved to be one of the best legions, even after its disgrace during the uprising of queen Boudica, when its praefectus castrorum, who was then its acting commander ( its legatus and tribunes probably being absent with the governor Suetonius Paulinus ), contravened Suetonius ' orders to join him and so later committed suicide.
After the defeat of Boudica, the legion was dispersed over several bases ; from 66 to around 74 it was stationed at Glevum ( modern Gloucester ), and then moved to Isca Augusta ( modern Caerleon ), building a stone fortress that the soldiers occupied until the end of the 3rd century.
Subsequent stories saw Sláine sent through time by the earth goddess to fight alongside Celtic, and other, heroes and heroines such as Boudica ( with whom he fought against the Romans ( and Elfric ), and William Wallace ), and more recently return to Ireland to defend his people against new enemies alongside his wife Niamh.
While the governor, Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, was campaigning in Wales, Boudica led the Iceni and the neighbouring Trinovantes in a large-scale revolt, destroying and looting Camulodunum ( Colchester ), Londinium ( London ) and Verulamium ( St Albans ) before finally being defeated by Suetonius Paulinus and his legions.
The firm was also responsible for the bronze statue of Boudica with her daughters in her war chariot ( furnished with scythes after the Persian fashion ), which was commissioned by Prince Albert and executed by Thomas Thornycroft.
He took part in the defeat of the 60 / 61 rebellion led by Queen Boudica of the Iceni, although he suffered a serious defeat when attempting to relieve the city of Camulodunum ( Colchester ), which was destroyed by the Britons.
In her 1795 novel Velleda, ein Zauberroman ( Velleda, a Magic Novel ), Benedikte Naubert conflated the lives of two contemporaries, Boudica and Veleda, whom she romanticized as Boadicea and Velleda.
Kingston's film credits include The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover ( 1989 ), A Pin for the Butterfly ( 1994 ), The Infiltrator ( 1995 ), Croupier ( 1998 ), Essex Boys ( 2000 ), Boudica ( Warrior Queen in the USA ) ( 2003 ) in which she played the eponymous Boudica, Sweet Land ( 2005 ), and Crashing ( 2007 ).
Boudica and also
" Boudica has also been the primary subject of songs by Irish singer / songwriter Enya, Dutch soprano Petra Berger, Scottish singer / songwriter Steve McDonald, English metal band Bal-Sagoth, Faith and the Muse and Dreams in the Witching House.
She has also been the subject of a 1978 British TV series, Warrior Queen, starring Siân Phillips as Boudica.
* Boudica, also known as Boadicea
He also served in Britannia, perhaps arriving c. 60 with reinforcements needed after the revolt of Boudica.
Andraste, also known as Andrasta or Andred, was, according to the Roman historian Dio Cassius, an Icenic war goddess invoked by Boudica in her fight against the Roman occupation of Britain in AD 60.
Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, also spelled Paullinus, ( flourished 1st century ) was a Roman general best known as the commander who defeated the rebellion of Boudica.
Boudica and known
Boudica has been known by several versions of her name.
He is best known as the husband of Boudica.
Boudica and Boadicea
* Boadicea and her Barmy Army ( 2005 )-Valerie Wilding ( Boudica )
Boudica and Buddug
cy: Buddug ( Boudica )
Boudica and .
However, when he died, his will was ignored — the kingdom was annexed as if conquered, Boudica was flogged, her daughters were raped, and Roman financiers called in their loans.
The crisis caused the Emperor Nero to consider withdrawing all Roman forces from Britain, but Suetonius ' eventual victory over Boudica re-secured Roman control of the province.
Boudica then either killed herself, so she would not be captured, or fell ill and died — the extant sources, Tacitus and Cassius Dio, differ.
Boudica has since remained an important cultural symbol in the United Kingdom.
The name is attested in inscriptions as " Boudica " in Lusitania, " Boudiga " in Bordeaux, and " Bodicca " in Algeria.
Tacitus and Dio agree that Boudica was of royal descent.
According to Tacitus, Boudica was flogged and her daughters were raped.
Boudica was chosen as their leader.
Dio says that at the outset Boudica employed a form of divination, releasing a hare from the folds of her dress and interpreting the direction in which it ran, and invoked Andraste, a British goddess of victory.
Boudica exhorted her troops from her chariot, her daughters beside her.
Also, the narrowness of the field meant that Boudica could put forth only as many troops as the Romans could at a given time.
According to Tacitus in his Annals, Boudica poisoned herself, though in the Agricola which was written almost twenty years prior he mentions nothing of suicide and attributes the end of the revolt to socordia (" indolence "); Dio says she fell sick and died and then was given a lavish burial ; though this may be a convenient way to remove her from the story.
Gildas, in his 6th century De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, may have been alluding to Boudica when he wrote " A treacherous lioness butchered the governors who had been left to give fuller voice and strength to the endeavours of Roman rule.
By the Middle Ages Boudica was forgotten.
A great bronze statue of Boudica with her daughters in her war chariot ( furnished with scythes after the Persian fashion ) was commissioned by Prince Albert and executed by Thomas Thornycroft.
The name " Battle Bridge " led to a tradition that this was the site of a major battle between the Romans and the Iceni tribe led by Boudica.
Boudica and AD
In AD 60 or 61, while the Roman governor, Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, was leading a campaign on the island of Anglesey off the northwest coast of Wales — Boudica led the Iceni people in revolt, along with the Trinovantes and others ,.
Built mainly of wood, it was destroyed during the revolt of Boudica in AD 60-61, but was rebuilt and grew to feature many impressive town houses and public buildings.
It grew to a significant town, and as such received the attentions of Boudica of the Iceni in AD 61, when Verulamium was sacked and burnt: a black ash layer has been recorded by archaeologists, thus confirming the Roman written record.
The work is one of only three written Roman sources that document the Celtic revolt of AD 60-61 in Britain that was led by Boudica.
In AD 60 or 61 the XX helped put down the revolt of queen Boudica, after having routed the Ordovice by crossing Menai Strait in Wales to destroy the Druids ' sacred groves in 58.
In AD 61 Boudica followed the Roman 9th Legion ( Legio IX Hispana ) across the river.
The City of London for example, sits on a tel which preserves a layer of dark material attributed to the burning of the city by Boudica in 60 AD.
The fort was built around AD 60 to act as a supply depot and headquarters for the Roman Army during the final campaign against Boudica.
The Battle of Watling Street took place in Roman-occupied Britain in AD 60 or 61 between an alliance of indigenous British peoples led by Boudica and a Roman army led by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus.
He was consul in AD 61, but in the second half of that year he laid down that office and was appointed governor of Britain, replacing Gaius Suetonius Paulinus who had been removed from office in the wake of the rebellion of Boudica.
Poenius Postumus was praefectus castrorum of the Roman Legion II Augusta, stationed in Britain during the rebellion of Boudica in 61 AD.
When he died in 60 AD, the Romans seized control, prompting a second Iceni rebellion under Prasutagus ' wife Boudica.
On his death in 60 AD Roman rule was imposed on the territory and his widow Boudica was not allowed to succeed him as Roman law only allowed male heirs to claim a client king's title.
He was sent to Britain in 60 or 61 AD to head an enquiry in the aftermath of the rebellion of Boudica.
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