Systems theory, in this context, may be regarded as an extension of Braid's original conceptualization of hypnosis as involving a process of enhancing or depressing nervous system activity.

The word " hypnosis " ( from the Greek hypnos, " sleep ") is an abbreviation of James Braid's ( 1841 ) term " neuro-hypnotism ", meaning " sleep of the nervous system ".

Although some would trace the practice of hypnotherapy back to Faria, Gassner, and Hell, it is conventional to trace what we now know as hypnotism back to the Scottish surgeon James Braid's reaction to a public exhibition of mesmeric techniques given by Charles Lafontaine in Manchester on 13 November 1841.

Just past Braid's Bridge is the Western Railway Museum.

In Braid's day, the Scottish School of Common Sense provided the dominant theories of academic psychology and Braid refers to other philosophers within this tradition throughout his writings.

In early 1842 — as a response to a personal attack upon himself and his work that had been made in a sermon delivered by a Manchester cleric, M ‘ Neile, and had been published a few days later in an unaltered form, despite Braid's attempts to rectify the misunderstandings he felt it contained — Braid privately published the contents of an ( unanswered ) letter that he had written to the cleric as a twelve page booklet entitled Satanic Agency and Mesmerism Reviewed ( Braid, 1842 ).

Wilkinson soon became a passionate advocate of Braid's work and his published remarks on hypnotism were quoted enthusiastically by Braid several times in his later writings.

In April 2009, Robertson published a reconstructed English version, backward translated from the French, of Braid's last ( lost ) manuscript ( On Hypnotism ), addressed by Braid to the French Academy of Sciences.

Complacency from Telegdi's campaign along with hard work by Braid's campaign, his appeal to a wide range of voters including those in the suburbs, endorsement from popular local MPP Elizabeth Witmer, increased support for the local Green and NDP candidates, and a nation-wide surge for Harper's Conservatives combined to give Braid a narrow nail-biting victory of 73 votes on election night.

Hogan praised Braid's last scenes as Nana saying, " It was sad to see Nana finally bow out this week and the exit was tastefully handled, thanks to a wonderfully dignified performance from Hilda Braid.

His stage demonstrations of animal magnetism in Manchester influenced surgeon James Braid to pursue the study of what came to be known as hypnotism ( note that Braid's hypnotism was significantly different from Lafontaine's mesmerism ).

However, Braid's legacy was maintained in Great Britain largely by Dr. John Milne Bramwell who collected all of his available works, and published a biography and account of Braid's theory and practice, as well as several books of his own on hypnotism.

December 22, 2011 was Braid's 600th show.

Gavin Gaughan wrote Braid's obituary in The Guardian, and in it he described Nana as " vague, but always affectionate " and having " a wide smile and good-natured manner, her niche as a maternal Cockney was in the screen tradition inaugurated by Kathleen Harrison, which included Irene Handl and Patricia Hayes.

It was reported in The Daily Telegraph that Braid's memory had been problematic during her stint on the show and that BBC producers had to hire " a personal minder to assist her in learning lines and to ensure that she turned up in the right place at the right time.

" Nancy Banks-Smith, also from The Guardian, also criticised the portrayal of dementia but praised Braid's portrayal of Nana, saying, " There was something odd about Nana, don't you think?

Apart from Neurypnology, his first book, all of Braid's works have been out of print since his death ; however, many are now available on-line ( see links at Further reading, below ).

For several decades, Braid's work became more influential abroad than in his own country, except for a handful of followers, most notably Dr. John Milne Bramwell.

Braid's main therapeutic strategy involved stimulating or reducing physiological functioning in different regions of the body.

The eminent neurologist Dr. George Miller Beard took Braid's theories to America.

France became the focal point for the study after the eminent neurologist Dr. Étienne Eugène Azam presented Braid's research to the French Academy of Sciences.

Azam also translated Braid's last manuscript ( On Hypnotism, 1860 ) into French.

At the request of Azam, Paul Broca, and others, the French Academy of Science, who had examined Mesmerism in 1784, examined Braid's writings shortly after his demise.

* Volgyesi, F. A., " James Braid's Discoveries and Psycho-Therapeutic Merits ", British Journal of Medical Hypnotism, Vol. 3, No. 4, ( 1952 ), pp. 2 – 10.

With Ewing's blessing, Damon Atkinson of Figurehead, joined Braid's spring tour and became the band's drummer.

Through extremely fortunate circumstances the original microscope preparations on which Alzheimer based his description of the disease were rediscovered some years ago in Munich and his findings could thus be reevaluated. Alzheimer's grave in Frankfurt

A non-Japanese video game featuring a dream-eating tapir also exists., and in the Manga of Masashi Kishimoto Naruto, the late character Danzo Shimura is capable of summoning a giant Baku to aid him in battle ( unlike many modern representations, the Baku that appears in Naruto is very close to the original japanesse description of a Baku ).

A new research by Benjamin Radford concluded that the description given by the original eyewitness in Puerto Rico, Madelyne Tolentino, was based on the creature Sil in the science-fiction horror film Species.

In the original form of the Cardinal Vowels, Jones employed a dual-parameter system of description based on the supposed height of the tongue arch together with the shape of the lips.

* Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History-Over 160, 000 objects from Pacific, North American, African, Asian ethnographic collections with images and detailed description, linked to the original catalogue pages, field notebooks, and photographs are available online.

Eusebius ' description of his own method —" I shall collect the entries from the whole of the divinely inspired Scriptures, and I shall set them out grouped by their initial letters so that one may easily perceive what lies scattered throughout the text "— implies that he had no similar type of book to work from ; his work was entirely original, based only on the text of the Bible.

# to give a description of the original grammatical structure of the languages as deduced from their intercomparison

In the historical description of gazpacho it was remarked that the original recipe uses bread, water, vinegar, oil and salt.

Later, in his The Physiology of Fascination ( 1855 ), Braid conceded that his original terminology was misleading, and argued that the term " hypnotism " or " nervous sleep " should be reserved for the minority ( 10 %) of subjects who exhibit amnesia, substituting the term " monoideism ", meaning concentration upon a single idea, as a description for the more alert state experienced by the others.

* Klein Bottle animation from 2010 including a car ride through the bottle and the original description by Felix Klein: produced at the Free University Berlin.

While the original Syriac retained the original description which Mani created, the transformation of the deities through other languages and cultures produced incarnations of the deities not implied in the original Syriac writings.

Critic Danél Griffin remarked, " Romero freely admits that his film was a direct rip-off of Matheson's novel ; I would be a little less harsh in my description and say that Romero merely expanded the author's ideas with deviations so completely original that of the Living Dead is expelled from being labeled a true ' rip-off '".

In this area Lipscomb originally intended a more ambitious project: " My original intention in the late 1940 ’ s was to spend a few years understanding the boranes, and then to discover a systematic valence description of the vast numbers of electron deficient intermetallic compounds.

It should be noted, however, that this table does not constitute a complete description of the original Metaphone algorithm, and the algorithm cannot be coded correctly from it.

The name " Linnaeus " tells the reader who it was that named the species ; 1758 is the date of the publication in which the original description can be found, in this case the 10th edition of the book Systema Naturae.

For a precise mathematical description refer to the original paper by Erné et al.

Like Gygax's original boxed set, each region was given a two to three hundred word description, although some details included in the older edition, such as trade goods, total population and racial mixes, were not included in this edition.

The most accurate description of Beethoven's regard for Clementi's music can be found in the testimony of his assistant, Anton Schindler, who wrote " He ( Beethoven ) had the greatest admiration for these sonatas, considering them the most beautiful, the most pianistic of works, both for their lovely, pleasing, original melodies and for the consistent, easily followed form of each movement.

Examples of A and B are propositions using a wave description of S and a corpuscular description of S. The latter statement is one part of Niels Bohr's original formulation, which is often equated to the principle of complementarity itself.

Another picture in the same collection appears to be a replica of his painting of the " Allegory of Calumny ", as suggested by Lucian's description of a celebrated work by Apelles ; the satire in the original painting, directed against some of his courtier enemies, was the immediate cause of Zuccari's temporary exile from Rome.

* Georg Steller's original description in De Bestiis Marinis, or, The Beasts of the Sea ( 1751 )