Psychiatrist, Peter Breggin has published books and journalistic reviews of the literature purporting to show that ECT routinely causes brain damage as evidenced by a considerable list of studies in humans and animals.

Breggin has worked in a private practice since 1968.

Since 1964, Breggin has published on his major topic of interest, clinical psychopharmacology.

Peter Breggin is not currently on the Board of Directors of ICSPP, does not participate in board meetings, and has no role within the organization.

The New York Times has labeled Breggin as the nation's best-known Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) critic.

Breggin has written two books specifically on the topic entitled, Talking Back to Ritalin and The Ritalin Factbook.

Breggin has been very critical of psychologist Russell Barkley's work on ADHD claiming that he exaggerates the benefits of stimulants and minimizes their hazards.

Breggin has written several books and scientific articles critical of electroconvulsive therapy.

" Breggin has also stated that he has a personal reason to dislike Scientology: His wife, Ginger, was once a Scientologist, and when they first met she was urged by other Scientologists to have no association with him because he was not also.

Breggin completed a first year of psychiatric residency at Harvard's Massachusetts Mental Health Center in Boston, where he was a teaching fellow at Harvard Medical School, and finished his final two years of psychiatric residency at SUNY.

Breggin is a life member of the American Psychiatric Association and an editor for several scientific journals.

* Peter Breggin, a psychiatrist, and Ginger Breggin, International Institute for the Study of Psychiatry and Psychology, Washington, D. C.

Breggin graduated from Harvard College with honors, and attended Case Western Reserve Medical School.

In 2002, Breggin was hired as an expert witness by a survivor of the Columbine High School massacre in a case against the makers of an anti-depressant drug.

Breggin, chief editor of the journal Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry, is a leading critic of ECT who believes the procedure is neither safe nor effective.

Breggin is the author of many books which are critical of modern psychiatry, including Toxic Psychiatry, Talking Back to Prozac and Talking Back to Ritalin.

In 1971, Breggin founded the International Center for the Study of Psychiatry and Psychology ( ICSPP ) www. psychintegrity. org, a nonprofit research and educational network.

In 2002, Breggin encouraged younger professionals to take over the leadership of ICSPP and Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry.

These warnings confirmed many of the adverse effects first emphasized by Breggin in Toxic Psychiatry with specific mentions by the FDA of drug-induced " hostility ," " irritability ," and " mania ".

According to Peter Breggin ’ s Toxic Psychiatry, the psychogenic theory of autism was abandoned for political pressure from parents ' organizations, not for scientific reasons.

According to American psychiatrist Peter Breggin, the term “ sluggish schizophrenia ” was created to justify involuntary treatment of political dissidents with drugs normally used for psychiatric patients.

Breggin argues that the mistreatment of children is a national ( U. S .) tragedy, including psychiatric diagnoses and prescription of drugs for children whose needs were not otherwise met.

Glenmullen also interviewed my wife and coauthor Ginger Breggin for his book and was sent research documents from our files that he was otherwise unable to obtain.

ECT doctors claim it may " jumpstart the brain ", helping boost neurotransmission, while others like Peter Breggin, claim it causes the " euphoric " effects similar to the effects found in " closed head injury " or people with fresh traumatic brain injury.

In a published article reviewing the findings of Harold Sackeim's 2007 study on the cognitive effects of ECT, Breggin accuses Max Fink and other pro-ECT researchers of having a history of " systematically covering up damage done to millions of patients throughout the world.

" In a section of his paper entitled Destroying Lives, Breggin writes, " Even when these injured people can continue to function on a superficial social basis, they nonetheless suffer devastation of their identities due to the obliteration of key aspects of their personal lives.

In particular, Breggin asserts that animal and human autopsy studies have shown that ECT routinely causes widespread pinpoint hemorrhages and scattered cell death.

' According to Breggin, the 1990 APA task force report on ECT ignored much of the scientific literature pointing out the negative effects of electroshock therapy.

Some analysts, such as psychiatrist Peter Breggin, have argued that one or both of these medications may have contributed to Harris's actions.

Breggin claimed that side-effects of these drugs include increased aggression, loss of remorse, depersonalization, and mania.

Peter Roger Breggin ( born May 11, 1936 ) is an American psychiatrist and critic of biological psychiatry and psychiatric medication.

Breggin now lives in the Finger Lakes Region of Central New York and practices psychiatry in Ithaca, New York.

Breggin wrote his first peer-reviewed articles in the arena of psychopharmacology in 1964 and 1965.

Our understanding of the solar system has taught us to replace our former elaborate rituals with the appropriate action which, in this case, amounts to doing nothing.

Our experience has taught us that it pays to buy the best equipment possible, from pipes to brushes.

Long observation has taught Mason that most landscape can be reduced to three essential planes: a foreground in sharp focus -- either a light area with dark accents or a dark one with lights ; ;

Furthermore, each individual speaker has their own style of signing depending on various factors, such as where they went to school, if they were mainstreamed ( see Mainstreaming ( education )), who taught them ASL, at what age they learned ASL, and how active they are in the Deaf Community.

At the seminary, Frankel taught that Jewish law was not static, but rather has always developed in response to changing conditions.

: as the prophets from the beginning declared concerning Him, and the Lord Jesus Christ Himself has taught us, and the Creed of the holy Fathers has handed down to us.

In Greece, he encountered an Ionian theologian, who has been identified as Athenagoras of Athens ; while in the east, he was taught by an Assyrian, sometimes identified with Tatian, and a Jew, who was possibly Theophilus of Caesarea.

" It has also been implied, especially in the ' alternate future ' story Kingdom Come, that the Clark Kent persona is symbolic of the values taught to him by his wholesome Midwestern parents, the values he holds most dear: his instinctive knowledge of right and wrong that allows him to adopt his Superman persona, without being consumed by the moral implications of his actions ; Superman is the means through which he can bring this example to the world.

The new school currently has campuses in Ireland, Cairo, New Jersey, and Los Angeles, where Coptic priests-to-be and other qualified men and women are taught among other subjects Christian theology, history, the Coptic language and art – including chanting, music, iconography, and tapestry.

Today it has campuses in Alexandria, Cairo, and various dioceses throughout Egypt, as well as outside Egypt, in New Jersey, Los Angeles, Sydney, Melbourne and London, where potential clergymen and other qualified men and women are taught many subjects, among which are theology, church history, missionary studies, and Coptic language.

Jones however was the one who is generally credited with having gone much of the way towards a practical solution through his scheme of ' Cardinal Vowels ', a relatively simple system of reference vowels which for many years has been taught systematically to students within the British tradition.

Modern distance education initially relied on the development of postal services in the 19th century and has been practised at least since Isaac Pitman taught shorthand in Great Britain via correspondence in the 1840s.

Western classical education as taught from the 18th to the 19th century has missing features that inspired reformers.

In Western Christianity it has traditionally been taught, since as far back as the time of the Donatist controversy of the fourth and fifth centuries, that any bishop can consecrate any other baptised man as a bishop provided that the bishop observes the minimum requirements for the sacramental validity of the ceremony.

Nonetheless, the Orthodox accept Cyril's group as being the legitimate council because it maintained the same teaching that the church has always taught.

: History of science and technology has consistently taught us that scientific advances in basic understanding have sooner or later led to technical and industrial applications that have revolutionized our way of life.

The Catholic Church also has taught that faith and reason can and must work together, in the Papal encyclical letter issued by Pope John Paul II, Fides et Ratio (" Faith and Reason ").

In recent years flamenco has become popular all over the world and is taught in many countries: in Japan there are more academies than there are in Spain.

Whether he returns or not or is never again seen by human eyes, the things he has taught us remain.

Kushner has also studied at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, taught at Clark University and the Rabbinical School of the JTS, and received six honorary doctorates.

Apollonius of Rhodes, in the Argonautica mentions that Medea was taught by Hecate, " I have mentioned to you before a certain young girl whom Hecate, daughter of Perses, has taught to work in drugs.

Since the Council of Orange II against semi-pelagianism, the Catholic Church has taught that even had man never sinned in the Garden of Eden and was sinless, he would still require God's grace to remain sinless.

With the neoplatonist Plotinus, wrote Nathaniel Alfred Boll ; " there even appears, probably for the first time in Western philosophy, idealism that had long been current in the East even at that time, for it taught … that the soul has made the world by stepping from eternity into time …".