It was expanded to 15 volumes in 1947, and renamed Britannica Junior Encyclopædia in 1963.

Thus, to cite but one example, the Pax Britannica of the nineteenth century, whether with the British navy ruling the seas or with the City of London ruling world finance, was strictly national in motivation, however much other nations ( e.g., the United States ) may have incidentally benefited.

Antoninus in many ways was the ideal of the landed gentleman praised not only by ancient Romans, but also by later scholars of classical history, such as Edward Gibbon or the author of the article on Antoninus Pius in the ninth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica:

According to the author of his biography in the Eleventh edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica: " Ambrose is interesting as typical of the new humanism which was growing up within the church.

The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition, thought the term was derived from the Spanish barrueco, a large, irregularly-shaped pearl, and it was for a time confined to the craft of the jeweller.

The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition remarks that " At the time it was framed the charter was considered extraordinarily liberal " and that " the government has always been largely non-sectarian in spirit.

The other main course in Smith's self-education was to read the 11th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica through at least twice.

This was the explanation given in the ninth edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica, dated 1877.

There was a general reduction in the number of cavalry regiments in the British, French, Italian and other Western armies but it was still argued with conviction ( for example in the 1922 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica ) that mounted troops had a major role to play in future warfare.

At a later period he was one of the leading contributors to the Encyclopædia Britannica ( seventh and eighth editions ) writing, among others, the articles on electricity, hydrodynamics, magnetism, microscope, optics, stereoscope, and voltaic electricity.

This format, a contrast to the Encyclopædia Britannica, was widely imitated by later 19th century encyclopedias in Britain, the United States, France, Spain, Italy and other countries.

In the 1929 edition of Encyclopedia Britannica he published what was then the most authoritative classification of Native American languages, and the first based on evidence from modern comparative linguistics.

In the first era ( 1st – 6th editions, 1768 – 1826 ), the Britannica was managed and published by its founders, Colin Macfarquhar and Andrew Bell, by Archibald Constable, and by others.

The Britannica was first published between 1768 and 1771 in Edinburgh as the Encyclopædia Britannica, or, A Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, compiled upon a New Plan.

The Britannica was primarily a Scottish enterprise ; it is one of the most enduring legacies of the Scottish Enlightenment.

During the second era ( 7th – 9th editions, 1827 – 1901 ), the Britannica was managed by the Edinburgh publishing firm, A & C Black.

The first English-born editor-in-chief was Thomas Spencer Baynes, who oversaw the production of the 9th edition ; dubbed the " Scholar's Edition ", the 9th is the most scholarly Britannica.

However, by the close of the 19th century, the 9th edition was outdated and the Britannica faced financial difficulties.

In the third era ( 10th – 14th editions, 1901 – 73 ), the Britannica was managed by American businessmen who introduced direct marketing and door-to-door sales.

When Hooper fell into financial difficulties, the Britannica was managed by Sears Roebuck for 18 years ( 1920 – 23, 1928 – 43 ).

In the fourth era ( 1974 – 94 ), the Britannica introduced its 15th edition, which was re-organised into three parts: the Micropædia, the Macropædia, and the Propædia.

In 1996, the Britannica was bought by Jacqui Safra at well below its estimated value, owing to the company's financial difficulties.

* 1768 – The first edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica is published.

However, Chambers ' Cyclopaedia, or Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences ( 1728 ), and the Encyclopédie of Diderot and D ' Alembert ( 1751 onwards ), as well as Encyclopædia Britannica and the Conversations-Lexikon, were the first to realize the form we would recognize today, with a comprehensive scope of topics, discussed in depth and organized in an accessible, systematic method.

The Encyclopédie in turn inspired the venerable Encyclopædia Britannica, which had a modest beginning in Scotland: the first edition, issued between 1768 and 1771, had just three hastily completed volumes – A – B, C – L, and M – Z – with a total of 2, 391 pages.

In 1933, the Britannica became the first encyclopaedia to adopt " continuous revision ", in which the encyclopaedia is continually reprinted and every article updated on a schedule.

Title page of the first edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica

Rulers with identical names are organised first alphabetically by country and then by chronology ; thus, Charles III of France precedes Charles I of England, listed in Britannica as the ruler of Great Britain and Ireland.

Compton's by Britannica, first published in 2007, incorporating the former Compton's Encyclopedia, is aimed at 10 – 17 year olds and consists of 26 volumes and 11, 000 pages.

In rapidly changing fields such as science, technology, politics, culture and modern history, the Britannica has struggled to stay up-to-date, a problem first analysed systematically by its former editor Walter Yust.

This method of designating stars first appeared in a preliminary version of John Flamsteed's Historia Coelestis Britannica which was published by Edmond Halley and Isaac Newton in 1712 without Flamsteed's approval.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first figurative use of the term appeared in the 1902 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica relating to an entry on the chemical analysis of glucose.

The magazine's first cover illustration, a dandy peering at a butterfly through a monocle, was drawn by Rea Irvin, the magazine's first art editor, based on an 1834 caricature of the then Count d ' Orsay which appeared as an illustration in the 11th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica.

In 1845, Murchison, who had according to Encyclopædia Britannica " compiled the first geologic map of the Urals in 1841 ", published The Geology of Russia in Europe and the Ural Mountains with de Verneuil and Keyserling.

The traditional poultry farming view of the domestication of the chicken is stated in Encyclopædia Britannica ( 2007 ): " Humans first domesticated chickens of Indian origin for the purpose of cockfighting in Asia, Africa, and Europe.

The traditional poultry farming view is stated in Encyclopædia Britannica ( 2007 ): " Humans first domesticated chickens of Indian origin for the purpose of cockfighting in Asia, Africa, and Europe.

The article on " Grammar " in the first edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica ( 1771 ) contains an extensive section titled " Of Universal Grammar.

This, coupled with Britain's large and powerful industrial economy, made it perhaps the first truly global superpower and ushered in the Pax Britannica that lasted for the next 100 years.

* March 13 – After 244 years since its first publication, the Encyclopædia Britannica discontinues its print edition.

The tapestry was first briefly noted in English in 1743 by William Stukeley, in his Palaeographia Britannica.

The Encyclopædia Britannica ( Latin for " British Encyclopaedia "), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

Since 1938, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. has published annually a Book of the Year covering the past year's events, which is available online back to the 1994 edition ( covering the events of 1993 ).

Collier's has not been in print since 1998 ; the Encyclopedia Americana was last published in 2006 and Britannica announced the discontinuation of its print editions in 2012.

The precise date of Francisco Álvares death, like that of his birth, is unknown, but the writer of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article concludes it was later than 1540, in which year an account of his travels were published at Lisbon.

During this period, Gosse made a special study of sea anemone ( Actiniae ) and in 1860 published Actinologia Britannica.

Thomas Young's work is acknowledged in Champollion's 1822 Lettre à M. Dacier, but incompletely, according to British critics: for example, James Browne, a sub-editor on the Encyclopædia Britannica ( which had published Young's 1819 article ), contributed anonymously a series of review articles to the Edinburgh Review in 1823, praising Young's work highly and alleging that the " unscrupulous " Champollion plagiarised it.

* The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition is published under American management in England by Cambridge University Press.

* The 2nd edition of Encyclopædia Britannica is published.

* First of the weekly numbers of the Encyclopædia Britannica, edited by William Smellie, are published in Edinburgh ; one hundred are planned.

In 1725 Flamsteed's own version of Historia Coelestis Britannica was published posthumously, edited by his wife, Margaret.

In the article on " Railways " in the Supplement to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, published in 1824, it is said: " It will appear that this species of inland carriage is principally applicable where trade is considerable and the length of conveyance short ; and is chiefly useful, therefore, in transporting the mineral produce of the kingdom from the mines to the nearest land or water communication, whether sea, river or canal.

The site was first illustrated by the seventeenth-century antiquarian John Aubrey, whose notes, in the form of his Monumenta Britannica, were published by Dorset Publishing Co. between 1680 and 1682.

In 1742 he visited the Royston Cave at Royston, Hertfordshire and a year later he published his Palaeographia Britannica or discourses on Antiquities in Britain no. I, Origines Roystonianae, or an account of the Oratory of lady Roisia, Foundress of Royston discovered in Royston in August 1742.

The videos were produced and published by Encyclopædia Britannica.

He also completed a table of logarithmic sines and tangents for the hundredth part of every degree to fourteen decimal places, with a table of natural sines to fifteen places, and the tangents and secants for the same to ten places ; all of which were printed at Gouda in 1631 and published in 1633 under the title of Trigonometria Britannica ; this work was probably a successor to his 1617 Logarithmorum Chilias Prima (" The First Thousand Logarithms "), which gave a brief account of logarithms and a long table of the first 1000 integers calculated to the 14th decimal place.