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British Railways closed the line to mainline passenger trains in 1973, but re-opened as a heritage line and has run as one ever since.
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British and Railways
From the start of 1948, the " big four " were nationalised to form British Railways ( latterly " British Rail ") under the control of the British Transport Commission.
British Railways ( BR ), which from 1965 traded as British Rail, was the operator of most of the rail transport in Great Britain between 1948 and 1997.
Originally a trading brand of the Railway Executive of the British Transport Commission, it became an independent statutory corporation in 1962: the British Railways Board.
The British Railways Mark 1 coach brought into production in 1950 used the BR1 bogie, which was rated to run at.
* 1946 Railways and British military airfields were attacked several times.
London Transport was taken in to public ownership and became part of the British Transport Commission, which brought London Transport and British Railways under the same control for the first and last time.
The London Transport Board was the transport authority from 1 January 1963 to 31 December 1969 It reported directly to the Minister of Transport, ending its direct association with the management of British Railways.
ATOC is an unincorporated association whose membership consists of the passenger Train Operating Companies ( TOCs ) of Great Britain that run the passenger services previously provided by the British Railways Board, from 1965 using the brand name British Rail ).
Northern Ireland Railways was never part of British Rail, which was always confined to Great Britain, and therefore is not part of the National Rail network.
* BR 92220 Evening Star, the last steam locomotive to be built by British Railways
* 1962 – Last run of the famous Pines Express over the Somerset and Dorset Railway line ( UK ) fittingly using the last steam locomotive built by British Railways, 9F locomotive 92220 Evening Star.
* 1967 – The formal end of steam traction in the North East of England by British Railways.
* November 5 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the Railways Act, setting out the procedures for privatisation of British Rail.
** UK railways are nationalized to form British Railways.
** The locomotive Flying Scotsman ( British Railways No. 60103 ) makes its last scheduled run, before going into the hands of Alan Pegler for preservation.
A selection of British Railways steam locomotives make the 120-mile journey from Liverpool to Carlisle and return to Liverpool – the journey is known as the Fifteen Guinea Special ).
* January 1 – The Grouping: All major British railway companies are grouped into four larger companies, under terms of the Railways Act 1921.
The historic term light railway was used because it dated from the British Light Railways Act 1896, although the technology used in the DLR system was at the high end of what Americans considered to be light rail.
British and closed
Now the riflemen and the Marylanders followed up their beginning and closed in on the British, giving them another telling round of fire.
The principal ironworks was built by the British Iron Company in 1825 ; it passed to the New British Iron Company in 1843 and to the Ebbw Vale Company in 1852 but closed in 1889.
The nearest British ships, Swiftsure, Alexander and Orion, all stopped firing, closed their gunports and began edging away from the blazing ship in anticipation of the detonation of the enormous ammunition supplies stored on board.
* In Scotland, Western Europe's largest hot strip steel mill Ravenscraig steelworks, near Motherwell, North Lanarkshire, was closed by British Steel in 1992, leading to huge unemployment in the area.
The Reading Room closed in 1997 when the national library ( the British Library ) moved to a new building at St Pancras.
The Anthropology Library is especially large, with 120, 000 volumes However, the Paul Hamlyn Library, which had become the central reference library of the British Museum and the only library there freely open to the general public, closed permanently in August 2011.
The section of Route 3 between Wimbledon and West Croydon follows the old single-track British Rail route for the most part, which was closed on 31 May 1997 so that it could be converted for Tramlink.
Earlier in December 2005, the European Commission initiated the second stage of infringement proceedings against the British Government relating to Gibraltar ’ s failure to transpose five European Union directives on electronic communications, but these were closed after the relevant legislation was passed into law by the House of Assembly in June 2006.
From the 1930s when de Havilland opened a factory until the 1990s when British Aerospace closed, Hatfield was associated with aircraft design and manufacture, which employed more people than any other industry.
He bought and modified a series of racing cars from the Cooper Car Company, a prolific British constructor, and from 1953 concentrated on this form of racing, in which drivers compete on closed tarmac circuits.
Gaddafi closed American and British bases on Libyan territory and partially nationalized all foreign oil and commercial interests in Libya.
It was established in 2002 to absorb the students and programs of the former Technical University of British Columbia which was closed by the provincial government.
The British High Commission closed in 2005 after maintaining a presence for almost a century.
In North America, British troops closed in on France's Canadian heartland.
The French had a firing advantage, since the wind conditions meant they could open their lower gun ports, while the British had to leave theirs closed to avoid water washing onto the lower decks.
Graves at this point did not press the potential advantage of the separated French van ; as the French centre and rear closed the distance with the British line, they also closed the distance with their own van.
Effective 1 September 1995, both US military bases were closed ; British and Canadian bases on the island closed at about the same time.
The French Revolution of 1789 and the wars that followed radically changed the mahogany trade, primarily due to the progressive collapse of the French and Spanish colonial empires, which allowed British traders into areas previously closed to them.
This provided British traders and smugglers potential inroads into the ( traditionally ) closed markets in Spanish America.
Nevertheless, the British, after gaining control of the area in the 1763 Treaty of Paris, kept the area closed to white settlement, in part to repair and maintain relations with the Native Americans.
The British commercial station Oneword, though broadcasting mostly book readings, also transmitted a number of radio plays in installments until it closed in 2008.
British and line
* ABCD line, a Japanese term for embargoes placed against Japan by the Americans, British, Chinese and Dutch, as well as other countries.
The manner of cooking for the American colonists followed along the line of British cookery up until the Revolution.
Some Protestant charismatic and British New Church Movement churches include " apostles " among the offices that should be evident into modern times in a true church, though they never trace an historical line of succession.
Phillip's plan was for a squadron of three ships of the line and a frigate to mount a raid on Buenos Aires and Monte Video, then to proceed to the coasts of Chile, Peru and Mexico to maraud, and ultimately to cross the Pacific to join the British Navy's East India squadron for an attack on Manila.
In the agreement, the relations between the British Indian and Afghan governments, as previously arranged, were confirmed ; and an understanding was reached upon the important and difficult subject of the border line of Afghanistan on the east, towards India.
In the year 1893, during rule of Amir Abdur Rahman Khan, a Royal Commission for setting up of Boundary between Afghanistan and British Governed India was set up to negotiate terms with the British, for the agreeing to the Durand line, and the two parties camped at Parachinar, now part of FATA Pakistan, which is near Khost, Afghanistan.
On the far right, towards Foulz, the British battalions and squadrons took up their posts in a double line near the Jeuche stream.
In 1994, Raytheon merged Beechcraft with the Hawker product line it had acquired in 1993 from British Aerospace, forming Raytheon Aircraft Company.
Queen Boadicea features in the opening lyrics of the song " The Good Old Days " written by Pete Doherty and Carl Barat for British rock band The Libertines from their 2002 album " Up the bracket ", the line reads, " If Queen Boadicea is long dead and gone, Still then the spirit in her children's children's children, it lives on ".
Brueys ' dispositions had a second significant flaw: the 160 yard gaps between ships were large enough for a British ship to push through and break the French line.
At the same time, French lookouts on Heureux, the ninth ship in the French line, sighted the British fleet approximately off the mouth of Aboukir Bay.
By 16: 00, Alexander and Swiftsure were also in sight, although some distance from the main British fleet, and Brueys gave orders to abandon the plan to remain at anchor and instead for his line to set sails, although Blanquet protested the order on the grounds that there were not enough men aboard the French ships to both sail the ships and man the guns.
Nelson's plan, shaped through discussion with his senior captains during the return voyage to Alexandria, was to advance on the French and pass down the seaward side of the van and centre of the French line, so that each French ship would face two British ships and the massive Orient would be fighting against three.
The Alerte was sent ahead, passing close to the leading British ships and then steering sharply to the west over the shoal in the hope that the ships of the line might follow and become grounded.
By 18: 00, the British fleet was again under full sail, Vanguard sixth in the line of ten ships as Culloden trailed behind to the north, and Alexander and Swiftsure hastened to catch up to the west.
Following the rapid change from a loose formation to a rigid line of battle both fleets raised their colours ; each British ship added additional Union Flags in its rigging in case its main flag was shot away.
The third British ship into action was HMS Orion under Captain Sir James Saumarez, which rounded the engagement at the head of the battle line and passed between the French main line and the frigates that lay closer inshore.
The next three British ships, Vanguard in the lead followed by HMS Minotaur and HMS Defence, remained in line of battle formation and anchored on the starboard side of the French line at 18: 40.
The final ship of the British line, Culloden under Troubridge, sailed too close to Aboukir Island in the growing darkness and became stuck fast on the shoal.
alt = Four ships flying the British flag advance in the foreground towards an anchored battle line in which the only clear detail is a huge burning ship.
The film's title was inspired by the line, " Bring me my chariot of fire ," from the William Blake poem adapted into the popular British hymn " Jerusalem "; the hymn is heard at the end of the film.
However, in 1815 at the Battle of Waterloo, repeated charges by up to 9, 000 French cavalrymen failed to break the line of the British and German infantry, who had formed squares.
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