Following the fall of the Gaddafi regime in August 2011 former state-affiliated dailies have closed and new titles have appeared, many short-lived.

The 42 km traditional marathon is a closed circuit which begins and ends at the gates of Gaddafi Stadium in Gulberg.

Two weeks before the La Belle discotheque blast, Gaddafi called for Arab assaults on American interests worldwide after a U. S .- Libyan naval clash in the Mediterranean, in which 35 seamen on a Libyan patrol boat in the western Gulf of Sidra were killed in international waters claimed by Libyan government.

In 1969, Colonel Gaddafi orchestrated a coup in Libya, and duly took control of the country and proceeded to, after negotiations, close down British military installations located at El Adem and Tobruk, and additionally American installations located near Tripoli.

On 10 Nov 1984, he negotiated with Colonel Gaddafi for the release of the four remaining British hostages held in the Libyan Hostage Situation, Michael Berdinner, Alan Russell, Malcolm Anderson and Robin Plummer and was again successful.

The court was established in a neutral country as part of a deal between Colonel Muammar Gaddafi of Libya and the British government, before Gaddafi would allow the extradition of the two accused.

Meanwhile, Gaddafi claimed that the embassy was under attack from British forces, and Libyan soldiers surrounded the United Kingdom's embassy in Tripoli in response.

She stated that it was " necessary " to talk to dictators and terrorists, to protect security and said that the British government's decision to engage with Colonel Gaddafi in 2003 was " the right decision ".

Gaddafi has been hosted at Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle by the British royal family.

Records found in Muammar Gaddafi's former intelligence headquarters in Tripoli, shortly after the overthrow of the Gaddafi regime in 2011, indicated that in late September 2003, British intelligence officials told then-Libyan intelligence chief Musa Kusa that Bout had a " considerable commercial presence in Libya " and aimed to expand his interests there.

According to the Mail On Sunday, confidential documents released showed the British Government released Megrahi because of pressure from Gaddafi as the British government feared that British nationals would be harassed and because UK energy contracts in Libya could be revoked and there would be an end to counterterrorism assistance.

In 1986, U. S. President Ronald Reagan ( who survived an assassination attempt himself ) ordered the Operation El Dorado Canyon air raid on Libya in which one of the primary targets was the home residence of Libyan ruler Muammar Gaddafi.

Gaddafi was the first head of state to recognize the new regime, and he also signed treaties of friendship and cooperation on various levels ; but regarding the Aouzou Strip Déby followed his predecessor, declaring that if necessary he would fight to keep the strip out of Libya's hands.

The monarchy came to an end on 1 September 1969 when a group of military officers led by Muammar Gaddafi staged a coup d ’ état against King Idris while he was in Turkey for medical treatment.

Gaddafi stopped endorsing terrorist attacks on western countries, and while his behaviour remained extremely erratic, occasionally provoking international incidents such as the HIV trial in Libya and the Swiss-Libyan diplomatic crisis, Gaddafi managed to improve his image in the west and by the early 2000s had mostly benign relations with western democracies.

Prior to the civil war, Internet filtering under the Gaddafi regime had become more selective, focusing on a few political opposition Web sites.

These measures did not prevent, however, a group of army officers led by then Captain Muammar Gaddafi ( a signals officer ) seizing power on 1 September 1969.

Promoted to the grade of colonel ( aqid ) after assuming power, Gaddafi maintained a ceiling on the grade level of his officer corps in keeping with his desire to avoid the ostentatious public image that the generals of the monarchy had conveyed.

Two months later, Gaddafi asserted that he wanted his agents to assassinate dissident refugees, even if they were just on pilgrimage in the holy city of Mecca — in August 1984, a Libyan plot in Mecca was thwarted by Saudi Arabian police.

Following a 1998 Arab League meeting in which fellow Arab states decided not to challenge U. N. sanctions, Gaddafi announced that he was turning his back on pan-Arab ideas, one of the fundamental tenets of his philosophy.

In an interview with the Wall Street Journal on 24 September 2009, the day after his address to the UN General Assembly in New York, Colonel Gaddafi said: " As a case, the Lockerbie question: I would say it's come to an end, legally, politically, financially, it is all over.

On 15 July 2008 the fifth eldest son of Muammar Gaddafi, Hannibal Gaddafi, and his wife were held for two days and charged with assaulting two of their staff in Geneva, Switzerland and then released on bail on 17 July.

Gaddafi was the first head of state to recognize the new regime, and he also signed treaties of friendship and cooperation on various levels ; but regarding the Aouzou Strip Déby followed his predecessor, declaring that if necessary he would fight to keep the strip out of Libya's hands.

File: Uganda-View on Kampala. jpg | Gaddafi national mosque and Kampala skyline

His suitability for the role was challenged in the House of Commons by Shadow Justice Minister Chris Bryant in February 2011, at the time of the 2011 Libyan civil war, on the grounds that he was " not only a very close friend of Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, but also ... a close friend of the convicted Libyan gun smuggler Tarek Kaituni ".

In a rare speech on the intelligence agencies, he praised the key role played by SIS and GCHQ in bringing Gaddafi ’ s 42-year dictatorship to an end, describing them as ‘ vital assets ’ with a ‘ fundamental and indispensable role ’ in keeping the nation safe.

In his speech to the 64th session of the United Nations General Assembly on 23 September 2009, Colonel Gaddafi called upon the Libyan president of UNGA, Ali Treki, to institute a UN investigation into the assassinations of Congolese prime minister, Patrice Lumumba, who was overthrown in 1960 and murdered the following year, and of UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld in 1961.

The 60-second commercial shows a sad Robert Mugabe dining alone at Christmas in a large mansion while he reminisces about " happier times " with former dictators, such as playing water tag with Muammar Gaddafi, making snow angels in the sand with Saddam Hussein, singing Karaoke with Mao Zedong, pushing P. W. Botha on a swing set, and riding a tank with Idi Amin in a similar fashion to Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet embracing each other from the movie Titanic while the music from " Those Were the Days " is being played.

Gaddafi blamed the defeat on French and U. S. " aggression against Libya ".

Not content with this award, the French relatives ' group " Les Familles du DC10 d ' UTA " signed an agreement on 9 January 2004 with the Gaddafi International Foundation for Charity Associations accepting a compensation payment of $ 170 million United States dollars, or $ 1 million for each of the 170 UTA victims.

According to Giulio Andreotti ( the 42nd Prime Minister of Italy ) and Abdel Rahman Shalgham ( Libya's Foreign Minister from 2000 until 2009 ), Craxi was the person who phoned Muammar al-Gaddafi to warn him of the impending Operation El Dorado Canyon air-strikes against Libya on 15 April 1986, permitting Gaddafi and his family to evacuate their residence in the Bab al-Azizia compound moments before the bombs dropped.

* 2011 – Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi is overthrown after the National Transitional Council forces take control of Bab al-Azizia compound during the 2011 Libyan civil war.

Thus in March 1979 Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, who kept absolute power ( until his overthrow in 2011 referred to as " Guide of the Revolution "), after ten years as combined Head of State and Head of government of the Libyan Jamahiriya (" state of the masses "), styled Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council, formally transferred both qualities to the General secretaries of the General People's Congress ( comparable to a Speaker ) respectively to a Prime Minister, in political reality both were his creatures.

Gaddafi undertook a number of military adventures during the 1970s to 1980s, including the Chadian – Libyan conflict, the Libyan – Egyptian War and the first Gulf of Sidra incident.

Although it was the primary language since colonial rule, Italian greatly declined under the rule of Muammar Gaddafi, who expelled the Italian Libyan population and made Arabic became the sole official language of the country.

As a result of the collapse of the Gaddafi government in August 2011 due to the Libyan civil war, Libya is under de facto administration of the National Transitional Council ( NTC ).

The Revolutionary Guard Corps ( Liwa Haris al-Jamahiriya ) or Jamahiriya Guard was a Libyan paramilitary elite unit that played the role of key protection force of the government of Muammar Gaddafi, until his death in October 2011.

On 11 June 1972, Gaddafi announced that any Arab wishing to volunteer for Palestinian armed groups " can register his name at any Libyan embassy will be given adequate training for combat ".

In 1976 after a series of terror attacks by the Provisional IRA, Gaddafi announced that " the bombs which are convulsing Britain and breaking its spirit are the bombs of Libyan people.

In October 1978, Gaddafi sent Libyan troops to aid Idi Amin in the Uganda-Tanzania War when Amin tried to annex the northern Tanzanian province of Kagera, and Tanzania counterattacked.

Gaddafi announced that he had won a spectacular military victory over the United States and the country was officially renamed the " Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriyah ".

Criticism of Gaddafi by ordinary Libyan citizens became more bold, such as defacing of Gaddafi posters.

U. S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton with Libyan National Security Adviser Mutassim Gaddafi in 2009

During the Libyan civil war, after meeting with high-level representatives of the Chadian government, United States Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton announced that N ' Djamena opposes Gaddafi and has reached out to the rival National Transitional Council in rebel-held Benghazi.

The recall was in responses to a suggestion by Libyan leader, Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, that Nigeria should separate into a Muslim northern state and a Christian southern state.

In order to strengthen the international influence of the Nation, Farrakhan established relations with Muslim countries and, in the late 1980s, he cultivated a relationship with the Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi.

Relations with Libya also became more mutual following the eight month Libyan civil war in 2011, which resulted in the National Transitional Council ousting longtime Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi from power.

However, Mahdi soon turned against Gaddafi by declaring Sudan a neutral state in both regional and global conflicts and ordered Libyan troops to leave the country.

* President Muammar Gaddafi of the Libyan Arab Republicfrom 1969