Friedrich August Hayek CH (; 8 May 189923 March 1992 ), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek, was a British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism.

Mises had earlier applied the concept of marginal utility to the value of money in his Theory of Money and Credit ( 1912 ), in which he also proposed an explanation for " industrial fluctuations " based on the ideas of the old British Currency School and of Swedish economist Knut Wicksell.

A Friedman Prize was given to the late British economist Peter Bauer during 2002, Peruvian economist Hernando de Soto during 2004, Mart Laar, former Estonian Prime Minister during 2006 and a young Venezuelan student Yon Goicoechea during 2008.

Their other son, George Polanyi, became a well-known British economist.

* 1780 – Sir James Denham-Steuart, British economist ( b. 1712 )

Members of the British Association for the Advancement of Science had been complaining about the lack of a good term at recent meetings, Whewell reported in his review ; alluding to himself, he noted that " some ingenious gentleman proposed that, by analogy with artist, they might form word scientist, and added that there could be no scruple in making free with this term since we already have such words as economist, and atheist — but this was not generally palatable ".

Gunnar Myrdal received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1974 ( shared with his ideological nemesis, Austrian economist Friedrich Hayek ); Bertil Ohlin received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1977 ( shared with British economist James Meade ).

British economist William Stanley Jevons suggested in the 1870s that there is a relationship between sunspots and business cycle crises.

* August 30 – Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1991 )

* August 24 – John Grahl, British economist

* April 21 – John Maynard Keynes, British economist ( b. 1883 )

* April 16 – Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp, Bt, GCB, GBE, FBA, British civil servant, industrialist, economist, statistician and banker ( b. 1880 )

* January 23 – Arthur Lewis, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1991 )

** Ronald Coase, British economist, Nobel laureate

* June 15 – Arthur Lewis, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate ( b. 1915 )

* December 6 – Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate ( b. 1913 )

* June 21 – Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp, British civil servant, industrialist and economist ( d. 1941 )

** Richard Layard, Baron Layard, British economist

* November 26 – Sir James Denham Steuart, 4th Baronet, British economist ( b. 1712 )

* April 18 – David Ricardo, British economist ( d. 1823 )

Common use of the phrase " The Great Depression " for the 1930s crisis is most frequently attributed to British economist Lionel Robbins, whose 1934 book The Great Depression is credited with ' formalizing ' the phrase, though US president Herbert Hoover is widely credited with having ' popularized ' the term / phrase, informally referring to the downturn as a " depression ", with such uses as " Economic depression cannot be cured by legislative action or executive pronouncement ", ( December 1930, Message to Congress ) and " I need not recount to you that the world is passing through a great depression " ( 1931 ).

* October 21 – Sir James Denham Steuart, 4th Baronet, British economist ( d. 1780 )

John Adams asserted in the Continental Congress' Declaration of Rights that the demands of the colonies were in accordance with their charters, the British Constitution and the common law, and Jefferson appealed in the Declaration of Independence `` to the tribunal of the world '' for support of a revolution justified by `` the laws of nature and of nature's God ''.

The outstanding example was in Garibaldi And The Thousand, where he made use of unpublished papers of Lord John Russell and English consular materials to reveal the motives which led the British government to permit Garibaldi to cross the Straits of Messina.

* 1849 – John William Waterhouse, British painter ( d. 1917 )

* 1820 – John Tyndall, British physicist ( d. 1893 )

This theory was developed by the British chemist and physicist John Dalton in the 18th century.

* 1777 – American Revolutionary War: The Americans led by General John Stark rout British and Brunswick troops under Friedrich Baum at the Battle of Bennington in Walloomsac, New York.

* 1800 – John Appold, British fur dyer and engineer ( d. 1865 )

Influenced by his " favorite living hero in public life ", the British liberal, John Bright, Carnegie started his efforts in pursuit of world peace at a young age.

British philosopher John Locke argued that moral rules cannot be established from conscience because the differences in people's consciences would lead to contradictions.

Sir Andrew John Wiles, KBE, FRS ( born 11 April 1953 ) is a British mathematician and a Royal Society Research Professor at Oxford University, specializing in number theory.

* Christopher Hjort Strange Brew: Eric Clapton and the British Blues Boom, 1965-1970, foreword by John Mayall, Jawbone, 2007.

A colony there would be of great assistance to the British Navy in facilitating attacks on the Spanish possessions in Chile and Peru, as Banks's collaborators, James Matra, Captain Sir George Young and Sir John Call pointed out in written proposals on the subject.

Meanwhile, in 1868, tombs at Ialysus in Rhodes had yielded to Alfred Biliotti many fine painted vases of styles which were called later the third and fourth " Mycenaean "; but these, bought by John Ruskin, and presented to the British Museum, excited less attention than they deserved, being supposed to be of some local Asiatic fabric of uncertain date.

* 1976 – Former British Cabinet Minister John Stonehouse resigns from the Labour Party.

John T. Arundel and Company, a British firm using a competing claim to the island by the UK, made the island its headquarters for its guano-digging operations in the Pacific from 1886 to 1891.

Citing research by John Green, who found that several contemporary British Columbia newspapers regarded the alleged capture as very dubious, Clark notes that the Mainland Guardian of New Westminster, British Columbia, wrote, " Absurdity is written on the face of it.

With the assistance of John Nash and David Heller, both British members of the Borland Board, the company was taken public on London's Unlisted Securities Market ( USM ) in 1986.

While the British military historian Sir John Keegan suggested an ideal definition of battle as " something which happens between two armies leading to the moral then physical disintegration of one or the other of them ", the origins and outcomes of battles can rarely be summarized so neatly.

British general John Moore, who met Nelson in Naples at this time, described him as " covered with stars, medals and ribbons, more like a Prince of Opera than the Conqueror of the Nile.

For instance, John Stuart Mill famously suggested that " the Battle of Marathon, even as an event in British history, is more important than the Battle of Hastings ".

John Stuart Mill's famous opinion was that " the Battle of Marathon, even as an event in British history, is more important than the Battle of Hastings ".

John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough was one of the first generals in the British Army, fighting campaigns in the War of the Spanish Succession.

* British Security Policy in Ireland, 1920-1921 Ainsworth, John S. ( 2001 ) Australian Journal of Irish Studies, 1. pp. 176 – 190

Although British Prime Minister John Major rejected John Hume's requests for a public inquiry into the killings, his successor, Tony Blair, decided to start one.