The Pope had recognised Edward I of England's claim to overlordship of Scotland in 1305 and Bruce was excommunicated by the Pope for murdering John Comyn before the altar in Greyfriars Church in Dumfries in 1306.

The Declaration made a number of much-debated rhetorical points: that Scotland had always been independent, indeed for longer than England ; that Edward I of England had unjustly attacked Scotland and perpetrated atrocities ; that Robert the Bruce had delivered the Scottish nation from this peril ; and, most controversially, that the independence of Scotland was the prerogative of the Scottish people, rather than the King of Scots.

Principal contributors to the technology were Bruce Buchanan, Edward Shortliffe, Randall Davis, William vanMelle, Carli Scott and others at Stanford.

Meanwhile, the Scottish leader Robert Bruce began retaking all the territory conquered by Edward I.

In 1328, Edward III signed the Treaty of Northampton acknowledging Scottish independence under the rule of Robert the Bruce.

* 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence.

In August 1296, Bruce and his father swore fealty to Edward I of England at Berwick-upon-Tweed, but in breach of this oath, which had been renewed at Carlisle, the younger Robert supported the Scottish revolt against King Edward in the following year.

Urgent letters were sent ordering Bruce to support Edward's commander, John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey ( to whom Bruce was related ) in the summer of 1297 ; but instead of complying, Bruce continued to support the revolt against Edward.

On 7 July, Bruce and his friends made terms with Edward by a treaty called the Capitulation of Irvine.

It was around this time that Robert the Bruce submitted to Edward, along with other nobles, even though he had been on the side of the patriots until then.

However, though recently pledged to support King Edward, it is interesting to note that Robert the Bruce sent a letter to the monks at Melrose Abbey in March 1302 which effectively weakened his usefulness to the English king.

In September 1305, Edward ordered Robert Bruce to put his castle at Kildrummy, " in the keeping of such a man as he himself will be willing to answer for ," suggesting that King Edward suspected Robert was not entirely trustworthy and may have been plotting behind his back.

Even more sign of Edward's distrust occurred when on 10 October 1305, Edward revoked his gift of Gilbert de Umfraville's lands to Bruce that he had made only six months before.

Whether the details of the agreement with Comyn are correct or not, King Edward moved to arrest Bruce while Bruce was still at the English court.

According to Barbour, Comyn betrayed his agreement with Bruce to King Edward I, and when Bruce arranged a meeting for 10 February 1306 with Comyn in the Chapel of Greyfriars Monastery in Dumfries and accused him of treachery, they came to blows.

For this reason King Edward of England wrote to the Pope and asked for his excommunication of Robert Bruce.

No records have ever been found in England stating that King Edward had any knowledge of treachery by Robert Bruce before his acts against Comyn.

Bruce, with a small following of his most faithful men, including Sir James Douglas and Gilbert Hay, Bruce's brothers Thomas, Alexander and Edward, as well as Sir Neil Campbell and the Earl of Lennox fled.

Also in 1994, United States Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt first proposed the removal of several Pacific Northwest dams because of their impact on salmon spawning.

On January 18, 2001 Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt created the Kingman Reef National Wildlife Refuge during his final days in office with Secretary ’ s Order 3223.

In that first year, after a bill to create the holiday failed in the Arizona state legislature, Arizona Governor Bruce Babbitt had issued an executive order creating the holiday.

In an intentional reference to Richard Nixon ( who said after losing the California governorship that the press " won't have to kick around anymore "), Babbitt joked in his last campaign press conference that the media " won't have Bruce Babbitt to puff up anymore.

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The previous record of 114 vetoes was set by Bruce Babbitt during his nine years in office.

From 1988 to 1990, McCurry served as director of communications for the Democratic National Committee, and served as press secretary for the presidential campaigns of John Glenn ( 1984 ), Bruce Babbitt ( 1988 ), and Bob Kerrey, ( 1992 ), as well as the 1988 vice-presidential campaign for Lloyd Bentsen.

In preparation for the 2004 campaign, the Democratic Party in Arizona tapped Paul Babbitt, Coconino County commissioner and the brother of Bruce Babbitt, to run for the seat and pressured all other candidates with the exception of political unknown Bob Donahue to bow out of the primary in order to clear the way for Babbitt to run against Renzi without a costly primary contest.

In 1985, then-Governor Bruce Babbitt secretly left the state capitol with two bodyguards and spent three hours crawling through the cave's tight passages to reach the cave's showcase chambers, including the Big Room, Echo Passage and Cul-de-sac Passage.

* February 8, 1988 – Dick Gephardt ( 31 %), Paul Simon ( 27 %), Michael Dukakis ( 22 %), and Bruce Babbitt ( 6 %)

In 1919, the land was bought by the Babbitt family ( relatives of Bruce Babbitt, former Secretary of the Interior and Arizona Governor, who intended to build a hotel.

More changes were made in the 1990s in an attempt by Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt to shield the ESA from a Congress hostile to the law.

Image: Bruce_babbitt. jpg | Former Governor Bruce Babbitt of Arizona

On April 19, 1994, the tunnel was designated a National Historic Landmark by the Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt.

Bruce Lorne Campbell ( born June 22, 1958 ) is an American film and television actor, director, writer, producer and author.

2, with the character of Bill noting that Superman was not born into his alter ego ( Spider-Man was " Peter Parker " first, Batman was born " Bruce Wayne "), using the blanket he was wrapped in as his costume, and Clark Kent is a collage of mankind's less impressive traits meant to blend in with other humans ( as well as a device to pursue Lois Lane's affections ).

Henry Bruce was born at Duffryn, Aberdare, Glamorganshire, the son of John Bruce, a Glamorganshire landowner, by his wife Sarah, daughter of Reverend Hugh Williams Austin.

Mandel Bruce " Mandy " Patinkin (; born November 30, 1952 ) is an award-winning American actor of stage and screen and a tenor vocalist.

* David II of Scotland ( 1324 – 1371 ) King of Scots, son of King Robert the Bruce by his second wife, Elizabeth de Burgh ( d. 1327 ), was born at Dunfermline Palace, Fife.

Roger Bruce Chaffee was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, where he became an Eagle Scout and graduated from Central High School.

Bruce Schneier (; born January 15, 1963 < ref name = fb >) is an American cryptographer, computer security specialist, and writer.

Bruce Lee ( traditional: 李小龍 ) ( born Lee Jun-fan ; 27 November 1940 – 20 July 1973 ) was a Hong Kongese actor, martial arts instructor, philosopher, film director, film producer, screenwriter, founder of Jeet Kune Do, and the son of Cantonese opera star Lee Hoi-Chuen.

Bruce Lee was born on 27 November 1940 at the Chinese Hospital in San Francisco's Chinatown.

The most irreconcilable of Bruce's Scottish enemies also came: Ingram de Umfraville, a former Guardian of Scotland, and his kinsman the Earl of Angus, as well as others of the MacDougalls, MacCanns and Sir John Comyn of Badenoch, the only son of the Red Comyn, who was born and raised in England and was now returning to Scotland to avenge his father's killing by Bruce at Greyfriars Kirk in Dumfries in 1306.

* Bruce Castor ( born 1961 ), American lawyer and politician

In Hawaii sons Bruce Cartwright ( 1853 – 1919 ) and Alexander Joy Cartwright III ( 1855 – 1921 ) were born.

Walter Bruce Willis ( born March 19, 1955 ), known professionally as Bruce Willis, is a German-born American actor, producer, and musician.

There have been at least seven cases of healthy male infants being reassigned as female due to circumcision damaging their penises beyond repair, including the late David Reimer ( born Bruce Reimer, later Brenda Reimer ), who was the subject of John Money's John / Joan case, an unnamed American child, who was awarded $ 750, 000 by Judge Walter McGovern of the Federal District Court after a military doctor was found guilty of medical malpractice in 1975, and an unnamed child who was circumcised at Northside Hospital, who received an undisclosed amount of money from the hospital.

* Bruce L. Woodbury ( born 1944 ), American politician and lawyer

Other notable people born in or associated with Newcastle include: engineer and industrialist Lord Armstrong, engineer and father of the modern steam railways George Stephenson, his son, also an engineer, Robert Stephenson, engineer and inventor of the steam turbine Sir Charles Parsons, inventor of the incandescent light bulb Sir Joseph Swan, modernist poet Basil Bunting, Lord Chief Justice Peter Taylor, the Portuguese writer Eça de Queiroz who was a diplomat in Newcastle from late 1874 until April 1879 — his most productive literary period, The Prime Minister of Thailand Abhisit Vejjajiva, singers Eric Burdon, Sting and Brian Johnson, lead singer of AC / DC from 1980 to the present, actors Charlie Hunnam multiple circumnavigator David Scott Cowper, Neil Tennant, Alan Hull, Mark Knopfler, Hank Marvin, Bruce Welch, Cheryl Cole, entertainers Ant and Dec, and international footballers Peter Beardsley, Michael Carrick, Andy Carroll, Paul Gascoigne and Alan Shearer.

The children's author Mary Grant Bruce was born in the town in 1878.

* Bruce Sterling ( born 1954 ), American science fiction writer

David Bruce Cassidy ( born April 12, 1950 ) is an American actor, singer, songwriter and guitarist.

Bruce Douglas Cockburn OC ( ; born May 27, 1945 ) is a Canadian folk / rock guitarist and singer-songwriter.

Bruce Cockburn was born in 1945 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and spent some of his early years on a farm outside Pembroke, Ontario.

* Blanche Kelso Bruce, the first African American Senator, was born as a slave in Prince Edward County.