Eastern variants of Gupta called Nāgarī are first attested from the 8th century CE ; from c. 1200 CE these gradually replaced Siddham, which survived as a vehicle for Tantric Buddhism in East Asia, and Sharada, which remained in parallel use in Kashmir.

The Lanna adopted the Mon script and religion ( later replaced by Sri Lankan Buddhism ).

However in Kūkai's absence Emperor Kammu had died and was replaced by Emperor Heizei who exhibited no great enthusiasm for Buddhism.

The Abbasid caliphate was destroyed and the Islamic civilization, especially Mesopotamia, suffered much devastation and was replaced by Tengriism and Buddhism as the official religion of the empire.

It was gradually replaced by Buddhism, which was the main religion of Sumatra and Java until it in turn was displaced by the coming of Islam from the 14th century CE.

Deciding all policies from military affairs, diplomacy, and down to education, he laid down Joseon's political system and tax laws, replaced Buddhism with Confucianism as national religion, moved the capital from Gaeseong to Hanyang ( present-day Seoul ), changed the kingdom's political system from fedualism to highly centralized bureaucracy, and wrote a code of laws that eventually became Joseon's constitution.

A large church was transformed into a mosque, and according to one source, the " amir of Taraz " embraced Islam The Islamization of Central Asia was due in significant part to the activities of the Samanids, and in Taraz, other pre-existing religions such as Mazdaism, Christianity, Buddhism, and Tengrism were gradually replaced.

During the seventh to 13th centuries when Islam arrived it replaced Buddhism as the great cosmopolitan trading religion in many places accompanied by a consolidation of the communal peasant religions of Hinduism.

In later years, miyabi and its aesthetic were replaced by ideals inspired by Zen Buddhism, such as Wabi-sabi, Yuugen and Iki.

During this period, Mahayana Buddhism replaced Theravada Buddhism as the dominant religious ideology of the ruling classes.

Although Buddhism did not disappear from India for several centuries after the eighth, royal proclivities for the cults of Vishnu and Shiva weakened Buddhism's position within the sociopolitical context and helped make possible its decline.

These scholars understand the term to refer to schools of Buddhism that did not accept the teachings of the Mahayana Sutras as authentic teachings of the Buddha.

The consciousness-only approach of the Yogācāra school of Mahayana Buddhism is not true metaphysical idealism as Yogācāra thinkers did not focus on consciousness to assert it as ultimately real, it is only conventionally real since it arises from moment to moment due to fluctuating causes and conditions and is significant because it is the cause of karma and hence suffering.

Weber thus argued that Roman Catholicism impeded the development of the capitalist economy in the West, as did other religions such as Confucianism and Buddhism elsewhere in the world.

The Han dynasty that followed adopted Confucianism as the official state philosophy, as did most other successive dynasties, though Daoism and later Buddhism also played an important part in later Chinese life and thought, while Mohism all but disappeared as a separate school of thought.

But Jainism did not gain as much popularity as Buddhism in Nepal.

Intolerance towards Nichiren Buddhism did not cease after Nichiren ’ s death ( 1282 ), and the most famous persecution was the violent attacks on Nichiren temples in the 16th century, Kyoto, Japan: “ Nichiren temples in Kyoto were attacked by the monks from Mt.

It did result in the formation of new sub-sects, but these gave impetus to missionary enterprises which expanded Nichiren Buddhism and helped spread it throughout the country ”.

However, the attempt did set the stage for the arrival of state Shinto, following the Meiji Restoration ( c. 1868 ), when Shinto and Buddhism were separated ( shinbutsu bunri ).

Weber also did considerable work in world religions, including Hinduism and Buddhism.

Although monastics in India traditionally did not work for income, this changed when Buddhism moved to east Asia, so that in China and the surrounding countries monks often engage in agriculture.

Reynolds states " Except for a brief flirtation with Ch ' an in the early days of Buddhism in Tibet in the eighth century, the Tibetans exhibited almost no interest at all in Chinese Buddhism, except for translating a few Sutras from Chinese for which they did not possess Indian originals.

Although Taoism did not overshadow Buddhism or Confucianism, it permeated through all strata of the Korean populace, integrating with its native animism as well as with Buddhist and Confucian institutions, temples, and ceremonies.

Although the state did not support an official school of Buddhism, it did protect all religious sites and objects within the country's boundaries.

He then began to investigate other religious views and philosophies, including Islam, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Hinduism, but concluded that they did not provide the answers he was seeking.

He did not overindulge in the luxuries of palace life, but still used Buddhism and Buddhist festivals to help calm civil unrest.

Though Genghis was at first seen as a scourge of Christianity's enemies, he proved to be surprisingly tolerant of religious faiths among those subjects that did not resist the empire, and was the first East Asian ruler to invite clerics from three major religions ( Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism ) to a symposium so that he might learn more about their beliefs.

Buddhism, Islam, and other religions comprise 3. 9 % of the population, and approximately 42 % of Fremantle residents profess no religion or did not state a religion.

Although he did not become a Buddhist in later years, he still remained sympathetic towards Buddhism.

Rick Fields, historian of Buddhism in America, writes that Trungpa " caused more trouble, and did more good, than anyone I'll ever know.

The tale with Buddha and the " Pillars " is a prime example, and did not appear until Buddhism was introduced to China during the Han Dynasty.

A strong theme in Mongkut ’ s movement was that, “… true Buddhism was supposed to refrain from worldly matters and confine itself to spiritual and moral affairs .” Mongkut eventually came to power in 1851, as did his colleagues who had the same progressive mission.

To eliminate any possible doubts, Nichiren decided to spend some time at Mount Kōya, the centre of esoteric Buddhism, and also in Nara, Japan ’ s ancient capital, where he studied the Ritsu sect, which emphasized strict monastic discipline and ordination. During this time, he became convinced of the pre-eminence of the Lotus Sutra and in 1253, returned to Seichoji.

He labels Buddhism a learning of ‘ daily decrease ,’ a philosophy that points out the darker aspects of human nature and then directs us to eliminate it.

Instead, Buddhism absorbed Bon and its believers.

However, other scholars do not accept the tradition that separates Bon from Buddhism ; Christopher Beckwith calls Bon " one of the two types of Tibetan Buddhism " and writes that " despite continuing popular belief in the existence of a non-Buddhist religion known as Bon during the Tibetan Empire period, there is not a shred of evidence to support the idea ...

Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, recognizes the Bon tradition as the sixth principal spiritual school of Tibet, along with the Nyingma, Sakya, Kagyu, Gelug and Jonang schools of Buddhism, despite the long historical competition between the Bon tradition and Buddhism in Tibet.

Both Buddhists and Bonpos agree that when Buddhism succeeded in gaining royal patronage in Tibet in the eighth and ninth centuries, Bon suffered a serious setback.

The elements in Bon that strongly resemble Buddhism became apparent with the codification of the yungdrung Bon canon by the first abbot of Menri Monastery, Nyame Sherab Gyaltsen in the 14th century, but a trend towards this probably began earlier.

* Approximately 130 years later, King Trisong Detsen ( 742-797 ) held a debate contest between Bon priests and Buddhists, and decided to convert to Buddhism ; in 779, he invited the great Indian saint Padmasambhava to bring Tantric Buddhism to Tibet.

* As tantric Buddhism became the state religion of Tibet, Bon faced persecution, forcing Bonpo masters such as Drenpa Namkha underground.

A Taiwan Fengshui master Linyin ( 林雲 ) found the Black Sect Tantric Buddhism ( 密宗黑教 ) Syncretic Bon with Taoist beliefs.

However, Tibetans still differentiate between Bon and Buddhism, referring to members of the Nyingma, Shakya, Kagyu and Gelug schools as nangpa, meaning " insiders ," but to practitioners of Bon as " Bonpo ," or even chipa (" outsiders ").

Bon, while now very similar to schools of Tibetan Buddhism, may be distinguished by certain characteristics:

While many of these practices are also common in some form to Tibetan Buddhism ( and mark a distinction between Tibetan and other forms of Buddhism ), they are actually included within the recognized Bon canon ( under the causal vehicle ), rather than in Buddhist texts.

* History of Buddhism and Bon in Tibet ( by Dr. Alexander Berzin )