The treaty formally recognized independence of the de facto sovereign principalities of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, together with the autonomy of Bulgaria, though the latter de facto functioned independently and was divided into three parts: the Principality of Bulgaria, the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia, and Macedonia, which was given back to the Ottomans, thus undoing Russian plans for an independent — and Russophile —" Greater Bulgaria ".

After a bloodless revolution on 6 September 1885, the province was annexed by the Principality of Bulgaria, which was de jure a tributary state but de facto functioned as independent nation.

The treaty juridically set up an autonomous self-governing tributary principality Bulgaria with a Christian government and the right to keep an army, though the state de facto functioned as independent nation.

The three Slavic allies ( Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro ) had laid out extensive plans to coordinate their war efforts, in continuation of their secret prewar settlements and under close Russian supervision.

Many of them ( including Naum, Clement, Angelarious, Sava and Gorazd ), however, reached Bulgaria and were commissioned by Boris I of Bulgaria to teach and instruct the future clergy of the state into the Slavic languages.

Fearing growing Byzantine influence and weakening of the state, Boris viewed the introduction of the Slavic alphabet and language in church use as a way to preserve the independence of Slavic Bulgaria from Greek Constantinople.

Multiple factors, such as the entry of Slavic countries such as Slovakia and Bulgaria into the European Union has contributed to the fact that many young Slavs feel alienated and are finding a sense of belonging and identity in " being a Slav ".

This is questionable, as these names follow conventions well established in other Slavic lands, and it ignores Vladimir of Bulgaria, who ruled between 889-893.

Selo ( Cyrillic: село ; ) is a Slavic word meaning " village " in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine.

Pomaks (,, ) is a term used for a Slavic Muslim population native to some parts of Bulgaria, Turkey, Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Albania and Kosovo.

The Bulgarians (, ; colloquially: българе, бугари, бугарье ) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Bulgaria and neighbouring regions.

Medieval Bulgaria was the most important cultural centre of the Slavic peoples at the end of the 9th and throughout the 10th century.

The Secret Book is a Macedonian feature film combining the detective, thriller and conspiracy fiction genres, based on a fictional story of the quest for the original Slavic language " Secret Book ", written by the Bogomils in Bulgaria and carried to Western Europe during the Middle Ages.

Compare also the rendition of the name of early Bulgarian ruler Pagan as ( Kampaganos ), likely resulting from a misinterpretation of " Kan Pagan ", in Patriarch Nicephorus's so-called Breviarium In general, however, the inscriptions as well as other sources designate the supreme ruler of Danube Bulgaria with titles that exist in the language in which they are written – archontеs, meaning ' commander or magistrate ' in Greek, and knyaze, meaning ' duke ' or ' prince ' in Slavic.

Much architecture survives on the outskirts of the Byzantine world, where the national forms of architecture came into being: in the Transcaucasian countries, in Russia, Bulgaria, Serbia, and other Slavic lands ; and also in Sicily ( Cappella Palatina ) and Veneto ( St Mark's Basilica, Torcello Cathedral ).

Tsinttsar was used to refer to the Aromanians ( mainly in the Slavic countries: Serbia, Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria ), derived from the way the Aromanians say the word ' five ': " tsintsi "( Romanian-Cinci ).

After the unsuccessful attempts of several Slavic chiefs to secede from Bulgaria Omurtag conclusively eliminated the autonomy of the Slavic tribes in the vast country.

After the Arabs plundered the city, it was an easy target for Bulgaria and the nearby Slavic tribes.

During Simeon's reign, Bulgaria reached its cultural apogee, becoming the literary and spiritual centre of Slavic Europe.

In the 9th century, the Oka River was part of the Volga trade route, and the upper Volga watershed became an area of contact between the indigenous Uralic peoples such as the Merya and the expanding Volga Bulgars ( particularly the second son of Khan Kubrat who expanded the borders of the Old Great Bulgaria ), Germanic ( Varangians ) and Slavic peoples.

* Earlier, in the 14th century, as the Byzantine Empire weakened, the capital of Bulgaria Tarnovo ( Tarnovgrad ) had also claimed to be the Third Rome based on its pre-eminent cultural influence in the Balkans and the Slavic Orthodox world.

The idea was based on the idea that Yugoslavia and Bulgaria were the only two homelands of the Southern Slavs, are separated from the rest of the Slavic world.

It was also broadcast in Latin America, Portugal, France and some Slavic countries like Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Poland and Czechoslovakia.

From the end of World War II until the widespread change of regime in Eastern Europe in November 1989, the Bulgarian Communist Party ( BCP ) exerted complete economic, social and political control in Bulgaria.

Some 400 kilometers of the planned Nabucco Pipeline, bringing gas from Azerbaijan and Iran to Central Europe, were to cross Bulgaria sometime before 2011.

By 1991 the communist governments of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania, all of which had been imposed after World War II, were brought down as revolution swept Eastern Europe.

Later, the Soviet Union and its satellites in Europe ( Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania ) established the Warsaw Pact as a counterpoint to NATO.

In 1949, the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and Romania founded the Comecon in accordance with Stalin's desire to enforce Soviet domination of the lesser states of Central Europe and to mollify some states that had expressed interest in the Marshall Plan, and which were now, increasingly, cut off from their traditional markets and suppliers in Western Europe.

In the spring of 1941, Ribbentrop appointed an assemblage of SA men to German embassies in Eastern Europe, with Manfred von Killinger going to Romania, Siegfried Kasche to Croatia, Adolf Beckerle to Bulgaria, Dietrich von Jagow to Hungary, and Hans Ludin to Slovakia.

According to the IOM data, in 2000 – 2004, Kosovo was consistently ranked fourth or fifth among the countries of Southeastern Europe by number of human trafficking victims, after Albania, Moldova, Romania and sometimes Bulgaria.

The Republic of Macedonia is a country situated in southeastern Europe with geographic coordinates, bordering Kosovo and Serbia to the north, Bulgaria to the east, Greece to the south and Albania to the west.

* Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Ukraine, the United Kingdom in Europe ( excl.

That same year in 1984, North Korea again drifted towards the Soviet Union after Kim visited Moscow during a grand tour of the USSR ( his first trip to Moscow since 1966 ) as well as Eastern Europe ( he made public visits to East Germany, Czechlosvakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia ).

These included the Cathar, Paterene or Albigensian church of western Europe, the Paulician movement, which arose in Armenia, and the Bogomils in Bulgaria.

A few weeks later the Communist governments of East Germany, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria were ousted, and two months later the Communist rulers of Romania suffered the same fate, signalling an end to the Cold War and to the division of Europe.

Meanwhile in Europe itself there was a rise of nationalism, with nations such as Greece, Hungary, Poland and Bulgaria seeking or winning their independence.

Speakers are located predominantly in Turkey, with smaller groups in Germany, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Northern Cyprus, Greece, and other parts of Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

:: Distribution: Europe: native in Austria, Belarus, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, NE France, Germany, Hungary, N Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Yugoslavia ; naturalized in Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Russia and W Siberia, and Sweden ; absent in Albania, Greece, C and S Italy, and Turkey.

* Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, the Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom

Following the elimination of the Bulgarian nobility and clergy by the Turks, Bulgaria entered an age of oppression, intellectual stagnation and misgovernment that would leave its culture shattered and isolated from Europe for the next 500 years.

However, weakened 14th-century Bulgaria was no match for a new threat from the south, the Ottoman Turks, who crossed into Europe in 1354.

" The Social History of Bulgaria: Topics and Approaches ," East Central Europe, January 2007, Vol.

" Historiography of the countries of Eastern Europe: Bulgaria ," American Historical Review, October 1992, Vol.

At the end of the 19th century, the western European market — and by extension their overseas empires — was dominated by French and Spanish brandies, and eastern Europe was dominated by brandies from the Black Sea region, including Bulgaria, the Crimea, and Georgia.

Not to be outdone, the rival Daily Mirror sponsored in 1970 the London-Mexico World Cup Rally, linking the stadia of two successive football World Cups, on a route that crossed Europe to Bulgaria and back before shipping out from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after looping around South America, and a run through some of the most frightening sections of Peru's road race, the Camino de los Incas, they wrap it up being shipped to Panama and a final run up Central America.

Under King Boris III, Bulgaria was the only nation in Europe to save its entire Jewish population during the Holocaust.

Other Stuckist artists in Europe include Peter Klint ( Germany ), Michael Dickinson ( Turkey ), Odysseus Yakoumakis ( Greece ), Artista Eli ( Spain ), Kloot Per W ( Belgium ) and Pavel Lefterov ( Bulgaria ).