It is obvious that the historian who seeks to recapture the ideas that have motivated human behavior throughout a given period will find the art and literature of that age one of his central and major concerns, by no means a mere supplement or adjunct of significant historical research.

Poole was not a historian, but a famous librarian, and a lover of literature, including Mather's Magnalia " and other books and tracts, numbering nearly 400 were never so prized by collectors as today.

John the Baptist is also mentioned by Jewish historian Josephus, in Aramaic Matthew, in the Pseudo-Clementine literature, and in the Qur ' an.

The American historian Gordon A. Craig once observed that of all the voluminous memoir literature of the diplomatic scene of 1930s Europe, there are only two positive references to Ribbentrop.

Karel van het Reve ( 19 May 1921, Amsterdam – 4 March 1999, Amsterdam ) was a Dutch writer, translator and literary historian, teaching and writing on Russian literature.

In addition to Sappho's accomplishments, literary historian Jeannette Howard Foster includes the Book of Ruth, and ancient mythological tradition as examples of lesbianism in classical literature.

Meanwhile, among Greek scholars, the literary historian and philologist Jacques Bompaire, the philologist and philosopher E. Dupréel, and later the literature historian Jacqueline de Romilly pioneered new studies in the Sophists and the Second Sophistic.

* December 6 – Haraprasad Shastri, Indian academic, Sanskrit scholar, archivist and historian of Bengali literature ( d. 1931 )

This was the first book written in a Germanic language, and for this reason at least one historian refers to Ulfilas as " the father of Germanic literature ".

Literary historian Frits van Oostrom was the first professor of Leiden to be granted the Spinoza award for his work on developing the NLCM centre ( Dutch literature and culture in the Middle Ages ) into a top research centre.

* Publius or Gaius Cornelius Tacitus ( 56 – 117 AD ), imperial officer, historian and in Teuffel's view " the last classic of Roman literature.

Reviewing its uses in scholarly literature, historian Werner Bergmann proposes that pogroms be " defined as a unilateral, nongovernmental form of collective violence initiated by the majority population against a largely defenseless ethnic group, and occurring when the majority expect the state to provide them with no assistance in overcoming a ( perceived ) threat from the minority ," but adds that in western usage, the word's " anti-Semitic overtones " have been retained.

According to the sole witness, the historian Agathias, its remaining members looked for protection under the rule of Sassanid king Khosrau I in his capital at Ctesiphon, carrying with them precious scrolls of literature and philosophy, and to a lesser degree of science.

Angus Lindsay Ritchie Calder ( 5 February 1942 – 5 June 2008 ) was a Scottish academic, writer, historian, educator and literary editor with a background in English literature, politics and cultural studies.

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad ( FUM ) ( Persian: دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد ) is the largest research university in eastern Iran named after the great epic poet and historian of Iranian national history Ferdowsi, whose Shahnameh ( The Book of Kings ) is a chef-d ' oeuvre in Persian literature.

Since the 1980s Ullans, a portmanteau neologism popularized by the physician, amateur historian and politician Ian Adamson, merging Ulster and Lallans — the Scots for Lowlands — but also an acronym for “ Ulster-Scots language in literature and native speech ” and Ulstèr-Scotch, the preferred revivalist parlance, have also been used.

According to historian Nancy Lee Beaty ( 1970, The Craft of Dying: A Study in the Literary Tradition of the Ars Moriendi in England ), Holy Dying was the " artistic climax " of a consolatory death literature tradition that had begun with Ars moriendi in the 15th century.

* Ariel Durant ( 1898 – 1981 ), historian, Pulitzer Prize in literature

* Will Durant ( 1885 – 1981 ), historian, Pulitzer Prize in literature

After Justinian closed Academy in AD 529, according to the historian Agathias, its remaining members looked for protection under the rule of Sassanid king Khosrau I, carrying with them precious scrolls of literature and philosophy, and to a lesser degree of science.

Johann Heinrich Joseph Düntzer ( July 12, 1813 – December 16, 1901 ), German philologist and historian of literature.

Girolamo Tiraboschi ( December 18, 1731-June 9, 1794 ) was an Italian literary critic, the first historian of Italian literature.

As a religious teacher, literary critic, historian and jurist, Harrison took a prominent part in the life of his time, and his writings, though often violently controversial on political, religious and social subjects, and in their judgment and historical perspective characterized by a modern Radical point of view, are those of an accomplished scholar, and of one whose wide knowledge of literature was combined with independence of thought and admirable vigour of style.

The historian need not be concerned with the philosophical problems suggested by religion.

During the Irving v Penguin Books and Lipstadt trial it became evident that the court need to identify what was an " objective historian " in the same vein as the reasonable person, and reminiscent of the standard traditionally used in English law of " the man on the Clapham omnibus ".

Voltaire was a highly influential historian during The Enlightenment ; he stressed the need to move away from great men and to study the people and their culture.

Events of the later years of the reign showed that Constantinople itself was not safe from barbarian incursions from the north, and even the relatively benevolent historian Menander Protector felt the need to explain the Emperor's failure to protect the capital from the weakness of his body in his old age.

The art historian Nikolaus Pevsner has said that exhibits in the Great Exhibition showed " ignorance of that basic need in creating patterns, the integrity of the surface " and " vulgarity in detail ".

In 1995, St. Martin's Press of New York City agreed to publish the Goebbels biography ; but after protests, they cancelled the contract, leaving Irving in a situation in which, according to D. D. Guttenplan, he was desperate for financial help, publicity, and the need to re-establish his reputation as a historian.

The Soviet historian Khazanov gives economic reasons for the longevity of the levirate over two millennia of nomadic history: " inheritance " of a wife as a part of the deceased ’ s property and the need to support and educate children to continue the line of the deceased.

" Canadian historian Holger H. Herwig claims the plan started as a result of discussions by Hitler in November 1940 and May 1941 when he stated his need to “ deploy long-range bombers against American cities from the Azores .” Due to their location, he thought the Portuguese Azores islands were Germany's “ only possibility of carrying out aerial attacks from a land base against the United States .” At the time, Portuguese dictator Salazar had allowed German U-boats and navy ships to refuel there, but from 1943 onwards, he leased bases in the Azores to the British, allowing the Allies to provide aerial coverage in the middle of the Atlantic.

" This dehumanization aided in what historian Arkady Vaksberg calls " a hiterto unknown type of trial where there was not the slightest need for evidence: what evidence did you need when you were dealing with ' stinking carrion ' and ' mad dogs '?

In the days before the British debate, the Dutch had offered to negotiate between Russia and the Triple Alliance, and Auckland reported that he saw documents in which Frederick Wilhelm questioned the need for the war and expressed concerns over the militant Austrian attitude ( according to Polish historian Jerzy Łojek, that was either Auckland's own or Russian misinformation, or a combination of both ).

He originally aspired to become a historian through a military academy, and joined the tactical division only out of need for tuition money.

The historian Owen Davies believed that the primary reason for the decline in the cunning craft was the declining belief in the existence of malevolent witchcraft in the country ( something brought about by modernization and increasing education and literacy rates ), and therefore the collapse of any need for the anti-witchcraft measures that the cunning folk offered as their primary service.

He argues that Aboriginal rights, including land rights and the need for reparations for past abuses of Aboriginal people, have been adopted as a left-wing ' cause ' and that those he perceives as left-wing historians distort the historical record to support that cause For Windschuttle, the task of the historian is to provide readers with an empirical history as close to the objective truth as possible, based on an analysis of documentary, or preferably eye-witness, evidence.

In his Pulitzer Prize-winning historical essay on American anti-intellectualism, historian Richard Hofstadter wrote: " During the campaign of 1952, the country seemed to be in need of some term to express that disdain for intellectuals which had by then become a self-conscious motif in American politics.

Several military historians have been critical of the need for the operation, with one historian, Barry Gregory, arguing that " Operation ' Varsity ' was not entirely necessary ..." Another historian, James A. Huston, argues that "... had the same resources been employed on the ground, it is conceivable that the advance to the east might have been even more rapid than it was ".

“ Being located on the busiest highway in California ,” wrote historian Kane, “ the people of Gorman knew well the need for an ambulance, as so many of the injured were brought to their homes.

The charges need to be balanced with the fact that Alaungpaya was merely reacting to, what historian Victor Lieberman calls " dismally self-defeating " policy of ethnic polarization of Restored Hanthawaddy.

According to the historian Arthur Herman: “ Americans built their world around the principles of Adam Smith and Thomas Reid, of individual interest governed by common sense and a limited need for government .”

In his essay From Satori to Silicon Valley ( published 1986 ), cultural historian Theodore Roszak made the point that the Apple Computer emerged from within the West Coast counterculture and the need to produce print-outs, letter labels, and databases.