By the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 ), yellow, orange, white, and red-and-white colorations had been developed.

By 1279, the Mongols conquered the Song Dynasty and brought all of China under control of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.

By the time of the Tang and Song dynasties ( 618 – 1279 ), people began to write in their vernacular dialects in the form of bianwen () and yulu (), and the spoken language was completely distinct from the still-maintained written standard of classical Chinese.

By 1279 it had moved to the Tower of London, and remained there the next 500 years, achieving a monopoly on the production of coins of the realm in the 16th century.

By means of the Treaty of Perpignan in 1279 an imbalance of power between the Kingdom of Aragon and the Kingdom of Majorca was created.

" By 1865 the Commission operated 18 " soldiers ' homes ," 11 " lodges ," and one " rest " in 15 states north and south ( for a list see Commission bulletin, 3: 1279 ).

By the Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 ), yellow, orange, white and red-and-white colorations had been developed.

By 1279 he annihilated the last resistance of the Song Emperors, and reunited the Empire under his new Yuan Dynasty.

By informally tying the Oregon boundary dispute to the more controversial Texas debate, the Democrats appealed to both Northern expansionists ( who were more adamant about the Oregon boundary ) and Southern expansionists ( who were more focused on annexing Texas as a slave state ).

By focusing on the stark and desperate situations of his characters, Aiken appealed to the emotions of his audiences.

By doing odd jobs and stowing away on freight trains, Riis eventually reached Philadelphia, where he appealed to the Danish Consul, Ferdinand Myhlertz, for help and was cared for two weeks by the Consul and his wife.

By the time of World War I, Whig and Clio were only two among the scores of student groups that appealed to a wide range of undergraduate intellectual, social, and physical interests

By letting Leibowitz go on record on this issue, Judge Callahan provided grounds for the case to be appealed to the US Supreme Court for a second time.

By this time the BM had effectively given up mainstream politics in favour of provocative marches and violence, changes that appealed to the younger element who were disillusioned with the disintegrating NF.

By wearing gangster style clothes along with the badboy attiude and being a R & B group they appealed to both men and women.

By the mid 1850s the Pitcairn community was outgrowing the island and they appealed to Queen Victoria for help.

By this he seems to have understood an immediate, ( in the first instance aesthetic ), mode of conception ; since he appealed, in support of this view, to the consideration that artistic skill has its foundation not in sensuous activity, but in an unerring power of distinguishing between its objects, that is, in a rational perception of them.

By 1983-84, it became clear that most private buyers preferred the equally roomy but cheaper and more fuel economical K-cars ; however, the M's long-proven traditional engineering, handling, and V8 engine availability appealed to police and taxi fleets, allowing the car's continued existence until the end of the decade.

By offering immortal life after death to everyone, Christianity appealed to everyone's egoism.

By the time Harper & Row purchased the company in 1969, Basic was renowned for producing intellectual books that appealed to both the academic and trade markets.

By the mid 19th century, Edward Frankland, F. A.

* Some account of the life and opinions of a fifth-monarchy-man By John Rogers, Edward Rogers, Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer, 1867

By 1838, there were twenty districts: Bathurst, Brock, Colbourne, Dalhousie, Eastern, Gore, Home, Huron, Johnstown, London, Midland, Newcastle, Niagara, Ottawa, Prince Edward, Simcoe, Talbot, Victoria, Wellington, and Western.

By 4 January 1912, the last two four-man groups had reached 87 ° 34 ′ S. Scott announced his decision: five men ( Scott, Edward Wilson, Henry Bowers, Lawrence Oates and Edgar Evans ) would go forward, the other three ( Teddy Evans, William Lashly and Tom Crean ) would return.

By the end of the battle, de Montfort's forces capture both King Henry and his brother, future King Edward I, making de Montfort the " uncrowned king of England ".

By 1138, he had converted the Vita Ædwardi, the life of Edward commissioned by his widow, into a conventional saint's life.

By 1888 Edward Weston had patented and brought out a commercial form of this instrument, which became a standard component in electrical equipment.

By the end of the battle, de Montfort's forces capture both King Henry and his son, future King Edward I, making de Montfort the " uncrowned king of England " for 15 months before Edward escapes captivity and recaptures the throne.

By 1848, Edward Hay Drummond Hay, the President of the British Virgin Islands, reported that: " there are now no properties in the Virgin Islands whose holders are not embarrassed for want of capital or credit sufficient to enable them to carry on the simplest method of cultivation effectively.

By now, much of Scotland was under English occupation, with eight of the Scottish lowland counties being ceded to England by Edward Balliol.

By contrast, Edward did not issue his writs of service, calling upon 21, 540 men, until 27 May 1314.

By the time Edward arrived at Tunis, Charles had already signed a treaty with the emir, and there was little else to do but return to Sicily.

By the Treaty of Birgham, it was agreed that Margaret should marry King Edward's then one-year-old son Edward of Carnarvon, though Scotland would remain free of English overlordship.

By 1304, most of the other nobles of the country had also pledged their allegiance to Edward, and this year the English also managed to re-take Stirling Castle.

By Margaret, Edward had two sons, both of whom lived into adulthood, and a daughter who died as a child.

By claiming to be Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, the younger son of King Edward IV, one of the Princes in the Tower, Warbeck was a significant threat to the newly established Tudor Dynasty, and gained support outside England.

By the time Margaret, her son and daughter-in-law were ready to follow Warwick back to England, the tables had again turned in favour of the Yorkists, and the Earl was defeated and killed by the returning King Edward IV in the Battle of Barnet on 14 April 1471.

By 1326 Isabella found herself at increasing odds with both Edward and Hugh, ultimately resulting in Isabella's own bid for power and the invasion of England.

By January 1322, Edward's army, reinforced by the Despensers returning from exile, had forced the surrender of the Mortimers, and by March Lancaster himself had been captured after the battle of Boroughbridge ; Lancaster was promptly executed, leaving Edward and the Despensers victorious.

By 1325, Isabella's marriage to Edward II was effectively over, and she was facing increasing pressure from Hugh Despenser the younger, Edward's new royal favourite.

By now desperate and increasingly deserted by their court, Edward and Hugh Despenser the younger attempted to sail to Lundy, a small island just off the Devon coast, but the weather was against them and after several days they were forced to land back in Wales.

By mid-1330, Isabella and Mortimer's regime was increasingly insecure, and Isabella's son, Edward III, was growing frustrated at Mortimer's grip on power.

By all accounts, her forty-year marriage to Edward had been happy, despite his adulterous affair with her lady-in-waiting, Alice Perrers, during the latter part of it.

By this time Ravel, like Edward Elgar, had become convinced of the importance of recording his works, especially with his input and direction.