By 1660 the Vistula Lagoon had gone to Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia, but was returned in 1700.

By 1660, it was officially the most profitable colony in the English crown per capita.

* March 23 – Anglo-Spanish War ( 1654 – 1660 ): By the Treaty of Paris, France and England form an alliance against Spain ; England will receive Dunkirk.

By 1660 there was near parity with 27, 000 blacks and 26, 000 whites.

By 1660, Barbados generated more trade than all the other English colonies combined.

By 1660, Englishmen held the titles to the whole of what is now Sagadahoc County.

By the time that Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660, the major palace-fortresses in England that had survived slighting were typically in a poor state.

By a very extensive charter in The Great Seal of Scotland, confirmed at Whitehall, London, on 4 December 1660, Charles Maitland and his heirs male by his marriage were bound to " take the name of Lauder and bear the Arms of Lauder of Haltoun ", which was done in accordance with the charter by John Maitland, Charles 2nd son, who received a baronetcy of Nova Scotia as Sir John Lauder.

By the Treaty of Oliva between the Commonwealth and Sweden in 1660 following the Northern Wars the Polish-Lithuanian king renounced all claims to the Swedish throne and Livonia was formally ceded to Sweden.

By 1660, at which point the atlas bore the appropriate name " Atlas Major ", there were 11 volumes, containing the work of about a hundred credited authors and engravers.

By 1660, this left the town with only twelve registered ships, down from the one-hundred it is claimed were recorded between 1640 and 1644.

By the Treaty of Roskilde ( 1658 ) and the Treaty of Copenhagen ( 1660 ), Denmark released Gottorp from its feudal bonds and recognized the sovereignty of its dukes over the Gottorp portions of the duchy of Schleswig.

By 1660, therefore, the Earldom of Tyrone was extinct as well as forfeit.

By 1660, the population of Sarajevo was estimated to be over 80, 000.

By 1660, the population of Sarajevo was estimated to be over 80, 000.

By 1660 almost all imports came to the greater Boston area and the New England coast through the waters of Boston Harbor.

By contrast to the stage history, in literary criticism there was no lag time, no temporary preference for other dramatists: Shakespeare had a unique position at least from the Restoration in 1660 and onwards.

By the end of the 1650s the fort was in disrepair again, and both Fort Orange and Beverwyck were enclosed by a wooden stockade in 1660.

By August 2, 1660 Vavasour Powell was taken into custody, while Sir Richard Saltonstall and Capt.

By the end of the year 1660 Chambonnières was calling himself a marquis, but he still experienced financial problems.

By 1660, a palisade was built around Beverwijk and it had become economically and politically successful, with large families residing in the community.

By 1660, his servitude was complete and he began to wander the various islands, before finally arriving in Saint-Domingue and becoming a buccaneer, preying on shipping from the Spanish West Indies and Spanish Main.

By 1660, most of the inhabitants had converted to Arianism.

By early 1660, Overton's position started to diverge from that of Monck, as he did not support the return of Charles II, but he and his officers refused to aid Generals Lambert and Fleetwood He sought to mediate and published an exhortation to them to maintain the Lord's cause, entitled " The Humble Healing Advice of R. O.

By the middle of the 19th century, industrialisation swept away most of the city's medieval rules of production and commerce, although the entirely corrupt remains of the city's mediæval constitution was kept in place ( compare the famous remarks of Georg Forster in his Ansichten vom Niederrhein ) until 1801, when Aachen became the " chef-lieu du département de la Roer " in Napoléon's First French Empire.

By French aristocrat Mélanie de Gaufridy de Dortan ( 1876 – 1937 ), he had Roger Marie Vincent Philippe Lévêque de Vilmorin ( 12 September 1905 – 20 July 1980 )

By Mid-March 1798 Aarau was occupied by French troops.

By 1700, approximately 20 percent of Berlin's residents were French, and their cultural influence on the city was immense.

By 16: 00, with the enemy troops besieged in Blenheim and Oberglau, the Allied centre of 81 squadrons ( nine squadrons had been transferred from Cutts ' column ), supported by 18 battalions was firmly planted amidst the French line of 64 squadrons and nine battalions of raw recruits.

By the time Marlborough had closed down the Ramillies campaign he had denied the French most of the Spanish Netherlands west of the Meuse and north of the Sambre – it was an unsurpassed operational triumph for the English Duke.

" By 24 July his fleet was resupplied and, having determined that the French must be somewhere in the Eastern Mediterranean, Nelson sailed again in the direction of Morea.

By 16: 00, Alexander and Swiftsure were also in sight, although some distance from the main British fleet, and Brueys gave orders to abandon the plan to remain at anchor and instead for his line to set sails, although Blanquet protested the order on the grounds that there were not enough men aboard the French ships to both sail the ships and man the guns.

By the mid-19th century, Bayonne had declined somewhat with the centralisation of power to Paris and to the new département capital, non-Basque Pau, after the 1789 French Revolution, and with Wellington's bombardment.

By the end of the year, all French and Zairian troops were withdrawn.

By 1700, it had been reprinted 15 times in Italian, and was translated in Dutch, English, French, German, Russian and Spanish.

By the mid — 18th century the French chemist Charles François de Cisternay du Fay had discovered two types of static electricity, and that like charges repel each other whilst unlike charges attract.

By 1569, relations with the Habsburgs had deteriorated, and Elizabeth considered marriage to two French Valois princes in turn, first Henry, Duke of Anjou, and later, from 1572 to 1581, his brother Francis, Duke of Anjou, formerly Duke of Alençon.

By 1910, the French film companies were starting to make films as long as two, or even three reels, though most were still one reel long.

By the late 1850s, one of these mentions the term " French fried potatoes ".

By 1918, two French mathematicians, Pierre Fatou and Gaston Julia, though working independently, arrived essentially simultaneously at results describing what are now seen as fractal behaviour associated with mapping complex numbers and iterative functions and leading to further ideas about attractors and repellors ( i. e., points that attract or repel other points ), which have become very important in the study of fractals ( see Figure 3 and Figure 4 ).

By 1909 after the failure of a syndicalist general strike in France, Sorel and his supporters left the radical left and went to the radical right, where they sought to merge militant Catholicism and French patriotism with their views-advocating anti-republican Christian French patriots as ideal revolutionaries.

By this time, Necker had earned the enmity of many members of the French court for his overt manipulation of public opinion.

By the beginning of the 18th century, the name " Grenada ", or " la Grenade " in French, was in common use.

By 1793, the execution of the French king and the onset of the Terror disillusioned the Bildungsbürgertum ( educated middle classes ).

By November, when Leclerc died of yellow fever, 24 000 French soldiers were dead and 8, 000 were hospitalized, the majority from disease.

By the end of his life, he could converse in English, French, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish, Polish, Italian, Greek, Latin, Russian, Arabic, and Turkish as well as German.

By these means he consolidated a system of absolute monarchical rule in France that endured until the French Revolution.

By early September they were within 40 miles of Paris, and the French government had relocated to Bordeaux.