By the 1830s mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology had emerged with world class science, led by Alexander von Humboldt ( 1769 – 1859 ) in natural science and Carl Friedrich Gauss ( 1777 – 1855 ) in mathematics.

By 1769 the principality was close to bankruptcy.

By 1769, a group led by John Durkee became the first Europeans to reach the area.

By 1769 about 100 families were living in Opelousas Post.

By 1769, the family returned to Virginia to live near the Coles family.

By 1769 his holdings totaled.

By the 1830s mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology had emerged with world class science, led by Alexander von Humboldt ( 1769 – 1859 ) in natural science and Carl Friedrich Gauss ( 1777 – 1855 ) in mathematics.

By October 1733 he had already begun work on The Seasons, his major poetical work, which did not appear in print until 1769 ( see 1769 in poetry ).

By his publications in connection with the transit of Venus of 1769 he won great fame.

By 1769 Bowdoin was one of the principal spokesmen of the opposition to the governor on the council.

By 1769, barges were using part of the cut, and in May 1770 an opening date of 2 July was set.

By 1757 the main defences were in place and Fort George was finally completed in 1769.

By Act of Parliament in 1769 Thames Ditton, which had already from the early 1600s assumed the civilian vestry responsibilities of a parish, became a separate curacy and an ecclesiastical parish in its own right, subsuming Hinchley Wood, Claygate and Weston Green ( Long Ditton had remained a separate parish, not within the Kingston Rectory, despite attempts during Cromwell's time to fuse the two ).

By 1770, Alaungpaya's heirs had temporarily defeated Siam ( 1767 ), subdued much of Laos ( 1765 ) and defeated four invasions by Qing China ( 1765 – 1769 ).

By September 1769 there was a severe drought, and alarming reports were coming in of rural distress.

By 1769, Spain abandoned the fort.

* Volume 2: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies ( 1708 – 1769 ), By Hari Ram Gupta.

By April 1769, all the major elements of the project had been completed, and the project had cost around £ 7, 000.

By the time Barco reached the count of three, the situation seemed to Welch almost too good to be true.

By the very nature of the situation, it is the union which has been able to select the time and place to bring pressure upon management.

By and large their programs are satisfactorily connected both to the employment situation and to the realities of the apprentice system.

By reminding ourselves of these factors in the situation, we should, I am sure, come to a fresh realization, however painful it be, that the battle between Parker and his neighbors was fought in earnest.

" Caplan comments on the impact of the Supreme Court's decision making it necessary for there to be evidence of guilt in such a plea, " By requiring that there be some evidence of guilt in such a situation, the decision attempts to protect the ' really ' innocent from the temptations to which plea-bargaining and defense attorneys may subject them.

By 1790 the situation had stabilised.

By 1902, however, due to the Governor of ` Akka being supportive of ` Abdu ' l-Bahá, the situation was greatly eased ; while pilgrims were able to once again visit ` Abdu ' l-Bahá, he was confined to the city.

By June 23, the situation appeared to have normalised, with members of the House of Ariki accepting to return to their regular duties.

By that time the military and strategic situation of Russia had become more difficult due of the rise of Germany and Japan, and Russian central administration and the idea of Pan-Slavism had grown in Saint Petersburg.

By the middle of June the political situation in Barcelona had deteriorated and the POUM — painted by the pro-Soviet Communists as a Trotskyist organisation — was outlawed and under attack.

By this time, the best Goebbels could do to reassure the German people that victory was still possible was to make vague promises that " miracle weapons " such as the Me 262 jet aircraft, the Type XXI U-boat, and the V-2 rocket could somehow retrieve the military situation.

By then the military situation had turned in favour of the Romans, and in 540 Belisarius reached the Ostrogothic capital Ravenna.

By forging Mathieu as an absolute rationalist, analyzing every situation, and functioning entirely on reason, he removed any strands of authentic content from his character and as a result, Mathieu could " recognize no allegiance except to self " ( Sartre 1942: 13 ), though he realized that without " responsibility for my own existence, it would seem utterly absurd to go on existing " ( Sartre 1942: 14 ).

By 1209 the situation showed no signs of resolution, and Innocent threatened to excommunicate John if he did not acquiesce to Langton's appointment.

By the time his close friends Christof and Luise Spengemann and their son Walter were arrested by the Gestapo in August 1936 the situation had clearly become perilous.

By 1900 the situation had improved somewhat, but 44 % of black people remained illiterate.

* By extension, a situation that is difficult to get out of.

By the end of the 16th century, Italy had absorbed the northern influences, with Venice, Rome, and other cities being centers of musical activity, reversing the situation from a hundred years earlier.

By the mid-17th century this situation had changed: Temne, not Bullom was spoken on the south shore, and ships stopping for water and firewood had to pay customs to the Temne king of Bureh who lived at Bagos town on the point between the Rokel River and Port Loko Creek.

By the late ' 40s to early ' 50s, this situation had been reversed.

By Newton's first law, this situation implies that the net force and net torque ( also known as moment of force ) on every part of the system is zero.

By the late 1920s, economic performance had stabilised, but the overall situation was disappointing, for Britain had clearly fallen behind the United States and other countries as an industrial power.

By forced division of labor Durkheim means a situation where power holders, driven by their desire for profit ( greed ), results in people doing the work they are unsuited for.

By the time of the first performance, which was well received, Donizetti reported to his publisher the audience's reaction to most of the numbers, specifically that " in the duet for Vial and Salvatore, many shouts of bravi, but at the end ( so they say ) the situation is so moving that they were weeping ".