By then, early dance camps, retreats, and weekends had emerged, such as Pinewoods Camp, in Plymouth, Massachusetts, which became primarily a music and dance camp in 1933, and NEFFA, the New England Folk Festival, also in Massachusetts, which began in 1944.

By 1933, the party had approximately 3. 5 million members but as a result of the Great Purge party membership was cut down to 1. 9 million by 1939.

By 1 July 1933 there were 1, 463 working camps with 250, 000 junior enrollees ( 18 – 25 years of age ), 28, 000 veterans, 14, 000 American Indians, and 25, 000 Locally Enrolled ( or Experienced ) Men ( LEM ).

Also in 1933 Whale directed the romantic comedy By Candlelight which got good reviews and was a modest box office hit.

* By Candlelight ( 1933 )

By 1933, it had been transformed into a sculptural environment, and three photos from this year show a series of angled surfaces aggressively protruding into a room painted largely in white, with a series of tableaux spread across the surfaces.

By 1933, however, the continued operation of the school was untenable ( it was raided by the Gestapo in April ), and in July of that year, Mies and the faculty voted to close the Bauhaus.

By the autumn of 1933, Hitler's personal bodyguard ( previously the 1st SS Standarte located in Munich ) had been called to Berlin to replace the Army Chancellery Guard as protectors of the Chancellor of Germany.

By 1933, when Brecht and Weill were forced to leave Germany by Hitler's Machtergreifung, the play had been translated into 18 languages and performed more than 10, 000 times on European stages.

By January 1933, the film's protagonist Robert Elliot Burns – who was still imprisoned in New Jersey – and a number of different chain gang prisoners nationwide in the United States were able to appeal and were released.

By 1933, they fought back, many no longer publishing radio schedules for readers ' convenience, or allowing " their " news to be read on the air for radio's profit.

By the time the fair closed in 1933, half of these notes had been retired, with the entire debt paid by the time the fair closed in 1934.

By 1933, the organization was known as the SS SD-Amt and, in 1934, became the official Party security organization of the NSDAP.

By 1933, the City owned 85 % of all town property and 95 % of all ranch and farm land in the Owens Valley, including Manzanar.

By 1933, however, Singer was forced to flee Nazi Germany to Vienna.

By 1933, the younger SS was no longer the mere bodyguard of Hitler and showed itself more suited to carry out Hitler's policies thereby taking over the previously held roles of the SA.

By 1933, and his revision of the landmark 1907 Hatcher-Marsh-Lull monograph of all known ceratopsians, he retained his two groups and two unaffiliated species, with a third lineage of T. obtusus and T. hatcheri that was characterized by a very small nasal horn.

By 1933, Lull had had second thoughts about Diceratops being a distinct genus and he put it in a subgenus of Triceratops: Triceratops ( Diceratops ), including T. obtusus ; largely attributing its differences to being that of an aged individual.

By 1933, public opposition to prohibition had become overwhelming.

By this A. G. „ Weser ” started it ´ s career as an important constructor of war ships for the Imperial German Navy ( 1871 – 1918 ) first and the Kriegsmarine in the Third Reich ( 1933 – 1945 ) later.

By 1933, it had moved up to producing the least expensive cars available with straight eight-cylinder ( inline eight ) engines.

By 1933, the whole Circumferential Highway had been completed, and, except for the piece from Route 9 in Wellesley south to Highland Avenue in Needham, was designated as Route 128.

By 1933, the population had peaked at 600, only to begin a steady decline which continues to the present day.

By 1933, the mine was producing substantial quantities of mercury.

Puttenham, in the time of Elizabeth I of England, wished to start from Elissabet Anglorum Regina ( Elizabeth Queen of the English ), to obtain Multa regnabis ense gloria ( By thy sword shalt thou reign in great renown ); he explains carefully that H is " a note of aspiration only and no letter ", and that Z in Greek or Hebrew is a mere SS.

By 1930 Himmler had persuaded Hitler to run the SS as a separate organisation, although it was still subordinate to the SA.

By the end of 1934, Himmler took control of the camps under the aegis of the SS, creating a separate division, the SS-Totenkopfverbände.

By November 1944 Himmler had merged the army officer recruitment department with that of the Waffen-SS and had successfully lobbied for an increase in the quotas for recruits to the SS.

By the mid-1930s, Hitler ’ s most powerful subordinates were Hermann Göring, as head of the Four Year Plan for crash rearmament, and Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS and police apparatus.

By the time the war began, the number of members rose to 250, 000, and the Waffen-SS was formed in August 1940, expanding the earlier armed SS troops who had fought in Poland and France in 1939 – 40, to serve alongside the Wehrmacht, Germany's regular armed forces.

By mid-1934, the SS had taken control of all concentration camps from the SA, and a new organization, the SS-Totenkopfverbände ( SS-TV ) had been established as the SS Concentration Camp Service.

By the outbreak of World War II, the SS had solidified into its final form.

By this point, the term " SS " could be applied to two completely separate organizations, mainly the Allgemeine-SS and the Waffen-SS.

By 1942, all activities of the SS were managed through twelve main offices of the Allgemeine-SS.

By 1944, with the concentration camps fully integrated with the Waffen-SS and under the control of the WVHA, a standard practice developed to rotate SS members in and out of the camps, based on manpower needs and also to give assignments to wounded Waffen-SS officers and soldiers who could no longer serve in front-line combat duties.

By the time the 508th attacked, troops of the 9th SS Reconnaissance Battalion were arriving.

By the time the NS was formed, only the SS engines came into service.

By the time he arrived the 101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion's 1st Company, under the command of SS-Hauptsturmführer Rolf Möbius, was on the scene, but although the two discussed the situation Wittmann played no further part in the battle.

By 1941, the VOMI was under the control of the SS.

By 6 March, the 1st SS Panzer Division made a bridgehead over the Mosh River, opening the road to Kharkov.

By 17 March, it is estimated that the SS Panzer Corps had lost around 44 % of its fighting strength, including around 160 officers and about 4, 300 enlisted personnel.

By the end of 1940, the SS had expelled 325, 000 Poles and Jews from the Wartheland and the Polish Corridor and transported them to the General Government, confiscating their belongings.

By the second day, the 9th SS Panzer Division arrived in Arnhem, deploying to the west of the city and cutting off access to the bridge.

By 2 January, part of the division ( SS Gebirgs Regiment 12 and 506th Battalion ) went into action against the U. S. 45th Infantry Division, attached to 361st Volksgrenadier Division.