By the summer of 1944, victories in the Southwest and Central Pacific had brought the war closer to Japan, with American bombers able to strike at the Japanese main islands from air bases secured during the Mariana Islands campaign ( June — August 1944 ).

By the summer of 1944, Peleliu Island was occupied by about 11, 000 Japanese of the 14th Infantry Division with Korean and Okinawan laborers.

By the summer of 1944 the reversal of fortune was complete and Operation Bagration saw Soviet forces inflict crushing defeats on Germany through the aggressive use of armour, infantry and air power in combined strategic assault, known as deep operations.

By then, early dance camps, retreats, and weekends had emerged, such as Pinewoods Camp, in Plymouth, Massachusetts, which became primarily a music and dance camp in 1933, and NEFFA, the New England Folk Festival, also in Massachusetts, which began in 1944.

By the time of Operation Overlord in June 1944, the Allies had gained near complete air superiority over the Western Front.

By 1944, LaGuardia was frantically juggling the books to pay the city's bills.

By April 1944 Animal Farm was ready for publication.

By late 1944, the United States, Canada, France, and Great Britain were closing in on Germany in the West, while the Soviets were closing from the East.

By November 1944 Himmler had merged the army officer recruitment department with that of the Waffen-SS and had successfully lobbied for an increase in the quotas for recruits to the SS.

By 1944 the UAP had effectively disintegrated and in 1945 Menzies formally established a new political party, the Liberal Party of Australia, and forged an enduring coalition with the Country Party.

By November 1944, they had thrown out the Germans, being with Yugoslavia the only East European nations to do so without any assistance from the Soviet Army.

By 1944 the last known Ivory-billed Woodpecker, a female, was gone from the cut-over tract ( Smithsonian p 98 ).

Eric D. Weitz wrote, " By 1948, according to Nicolas Werth, the mortality rate of the 600, 000 people deported from the Caucasus between 1943 and 1944 had reached 25 %.

By July 1944, it was in any case too late for Goebbels and Speer ’ s internal coup to make any real difference to the outcome of the war.

By January 1944, Germany had diplomatic relations with only a handful of countries: Argentina, Ireland, Vichy France, the Salo Republic in Italy, Occupied Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Croatia, Bulgaria, Switzerland, the Holy See, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Thailand, Japan, and the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo and the Wang Jingwei regime in China.

By 1944 US and British air forces were sending huge air fleets over occupied Europe, increasing the pressure on the Luftwaffe day and night fighter forces.

By 1944, there existed three divisions of the SS-TV, those being the staffs of the concentration camps proper in Germany and Austria, the labor camp system in occupied territories, and the guards and staffs of the extermination camps in Poland that were involved in the Holocaust.

By 1944, with the concentration camps fully integrated with the Waffen-SS and under the control of the WVHA, a standard practice developed to rotate SS members in and out of the camps, based on manpower needs and also to give assignments to wounded Waffen-SS officers and soldiers who could no longer serve in front-line combat duties.

By 1943 they produced the SU-85, and by late 1944 the SU-100, which mounted powerful guns on modern chassis with full armour protection.

The only actual book he ever wrote was God Passes By in 1944 to commemorate the centennial anniversary of the religion.

By the early 1940s, the British film industry began to combine documentary techniques with fictional stories in films like Noël Coward's In Which We Serve ( 1942 ), Millions Like Us ( 1943 ) and The Way Ahead ( 1944 ).

By the time of his sudden death in October 1944, Willkie had not endorsed either Dewey or Roosevelt.

By April 1944, a total of 34 NCDUs were deployed to England in preparation for Operation OVERLORD, the amphibious landing at Normandy.

By the summer of 1944 the USAAF conducted a number of shuttle bombing raids against the Third Reich under the name of Operation Frantic.

By the end of 1946, the Communist Democratic Army of Greece had been formed, pitted against the governmental National Army, which was backed first by Britain and after 1947 by the United States.

By the time the first national elections were held in the Federal Republic in 1949, Kiesinger had joined the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) and won a seat in the Bundestag, the West German parliament.

By winning the West Virginia primary, Kennedy was able to overcome the belief that Protestant voters would not elect a Catholic candidate to the Presidency and thus sewed up the Democratic nomination for President.

By year's end, the Democratic governor of Missouri, Warren E. Hearnes, warned that Johnson would lose the state by 100, 000 votes, despite a half-million margin in 1964.

By the mid 1980s, a Loyalist paramilitary-style organisation called Ulster Resistance was formed on 10 November 1986 by Ian Paisley, then leader of the Democratic Unionist Party ( DUP ), Peter Robinson of the DUP, and Ivan Foster.

By January 6, 1918 the VTsIK, supported by the Bolsheviks, ratified the dissolution of the Russian Constituent Assembly, which intended to establish the non-Bolshevik Russian Democratic Federative Republic as the permanent form of government established at its Petrograd session held January 5 and January 6, 1918.

By 1932, despite his longstanding association with the Republican Party, he openly supported Democratic presidential candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt, staging a " Motion Picture and Electrical Parade Sports Pageant " at L. A. Stadium in Roosevelt's honor.

By 1840, it had become clear that Johnson was a liability to the Democratic ticket.

By mid-December 2003, 67 states had ratified the Optional Protocol, including seven mentioned in this report ( The seven are: Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Philippines, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka and Uganda ).

By the 1870s the South was heavily Democratic in national and presidential elections, apart from pockets of Republican strength.

By the beginning of 1968, however, many people in the Social Democratic Party were dissatisfied with Paasio's leadership style, and Koivisto eventually emerged as the party's candidate to succeed Paasio as Prime Minister, which he did on March 22, 1968.

By 1896, the Democratic Party took up many of the People's Party's causes at the national level, and the party began to fade from national prominence.

By now though, Seretse Khama saw his destiny not as chief of the Bamangwato tribe, but rather as leader of the Botswana Democratic Party and as President of the soon-to-be independent nation of Botswana in 1966.

By the 1940s they were inside the Democratic Party, and helped overthrow Tammany Hall.

By the mid 1960s, however, the Black Power movement caused a growing separation between blacks and Jews, though both groups remained solidly in the Democratic camp.

By order of seats, the Republican, Unity, and Democratic ( formerly Constitutionalist ) parties later merged into the Progressive Party under Liang Qichao.

By the next election, amid increasing regional tensions and divisions among Whigs over the issue of slavery, Benjamin had joined the Democratic Party ; in the South the party was dominated by the planter slaveholding elite.

By 1996, Megawati Sukarnoputri, the daughter of Sukarno, and chair of the Indonesian Democratic Party was increasingly critical of Suharto's " New Order ".

By 1905 the Social Democratic Federation, one of the founding parties of the Labour Representation Committee which became the Labour Party, had left the Labour Party, but Charles Carrick, like many trade unionists since, remained active within the Labour Party.

By the time of Barry ’ s third mayoral election in 1986, his stranglehold on city politics was such that he faced only token opposition from the Democratic Party, in the form of former school board member Mattie Taylor, whom Barry defeated easily and did the same with Republican candidate Carol Schwartz in the November 4 general election.

By the late 1940s there were two conservative parties ( Japan Democratic Party and Liberal Party ); they merged in 1955 as the Liberal Democratic Party ( LDP ).

By the late 1970s, the Komeito and the Democratic Socialist Party had come to accept the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security, and the Democratic Socialist Party even came to support a small defense buildup.

By 1995, the governing New Democratic Party and incumbent Premier Bob Rae had become extremely unpopular with the electorate, largely due to the state of the Ontario economy and its record debt and deficit amidst a Canada-wide recession.