By the time of the 28th Congress of the CPSU in July 1990, the party was largely regarded as being unable to lead the country and had, in fifteen republics, split into opposing factions favouring either independent republics or the continuation of the Soviet Union.

By 1990 the Soviet government had lost control over economic conditions.

By 1990, an estimated 50 % of islanders had some degree of proficiency in Corsican, and a small minority, perhaps 10 %, used Corsican as a first language.

By the end of 1990 almost 15 million homes had been included in franchised areas, but only 828, 000 of these had been passed by broadband cable and only 149, 000 were actually subscribing.

By 1990, Compaq Europe was a $ 2 billion business, and foreign sales contributed 54 percent of Compaq's revenues.

By 1990, after efforts by Wendy's agency, Backer Spielvolgel Bates, to get humor into the campaign, a decision was made to portray Thomas in a more self-deprecating and folksy manner, which proved much more popular with test audiences.

By 1990, floorball was recognized in 7 countries, and by the time of the first European Floorball Championships in 1994, that number had risen to 14.

By 1990 an additional five free zones were in operation in Omoa, Coloma, Tela, La Ceiba, and Amapala.

By 1990 the poorest parts of Malaysia were rural Sabah and Sarawak, which lagged significantly behind the rest of the country.

By 1990, income per capita in Japan equalled or surpassed that in most countries in the West.

By 1990 Japan's interaction with the vast majority of Asia-Pacific countries, especially its burgeoning economic exchanges, was multifaceted and increasingly important to the recipient countries.

By October, a first quarter 1990 release was envisaged.

By the middle of 1990, Taylor controlled much of the country, and by June laid siege to Monrovia.

By 1990 only a handful of Polonized Germans, prewar citizens of Liegnitz, remained of the pre-1945 German population.

By December 1990, a study to estimate the project's cost determined that long-term expenditure would total approximately 450 billion dollars spread over 20 to 30 years.

By the time of Windows 3. 0's 1990 release, PCs had caught up in processing power and had acquired a graphical interface, and software titles began to see release on multiple platforms.

By November 1990, only four months later, the 5th Battalion had deployed and in early 1991 the 21st Guards Battalion had also been formed, four staff courses had been run, support weapons and logistics training was well advanced ( indeed a logistics battalion deployed as early as July 1990 ) and an operational test exercise had been conducted.

By a law that took effect in April 1990, the EPS became subordinate to President Chamorro as commander in chief.

By the end of 1989, the last hardline members of the party's Central Committee had either resigned or been pushed out, followed in 1990 by 95 % of the SED's 2. 3 million members.

By early 1990, the PDS was no longer a Marxist-Leninist party, though neo-marxist and communist minority factions continue to exist.

By the time of the Twenty-Eighth Party Congress in July 1990, the CPSU was regarded by liberals and nationalists of the constituent republics as anachronistic and unable to lead the country.

By 1990 the government had virtually lost control over economic conditions.

By late 1990, Phish's concerts were becoming more and more intricate, often making a consistent effort to involve the audience in the performance.

By the 16th century, Spanish conquistadors began to subdue and colonize the region of present-day Chile, and the territory became a colony from 1540 to 1818, when it gained independence from Spain.

By 1534 the Spanish crown had determined to split the region in two parallel lines, forming the governorship of " Nueva Castilla " ( from the 1 ° to the 14 ° latitude, close to Pisco ), and that of " Nueva Toledo " ( from the 14 ° to the 25 ° latitude, in Taltal, Chile ), assigning the first to Francisco Pizarro and the second to Diego de Almagro.

By the Tacna – Arica compromise at the Treaty of Lima in 1929, Chile kept Arica, and Peru regained Tacna.

* The Earthquake in Chile, By Heinrich von Kleist ( 1807 )

By contrast, an estimated 100, 000 African slaves arrived at the port of Buenos Aires in the 17th and 18th centuries, and many were destined for Paraguay, Chile and Bolivia.

Recently with the rise of Evo Morales in Bolivia and Michelle Bachelet in Chile relations have improved, although the border dispute is still pending .. By year 2011 the relations with the Chile has been deteriorated with the Sebastián Piñera administration.

Dave Eggers's A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius ( 2000 ), and Roberto Bolaño's By Night in Chile, ( 2000 ) are among the last examples of the old century.

By occupying Easter Island, Chile joined the imperial nations.

By 1900 nearly all Pacific islands were in control of Britain, France, United States, Germany and Chile.

By doing so, he made Chile eligible for the Lend-Lease program, and obtained the necessary loans to help along the economic recovery.

By that point, Chile was still in the Patria Vieja period, and would not fall into royalist control until the 1814 Disaster of Rancagua.

By the end of the 1930s legal anarcho-syndicalist trade unions existed only in Chile, Bolivia, Sweden and Uruguay.

By 1990, Guzman was positioned as the leader of the opposition and was one of the harshest critics of the new democratic government, accusing it of softness in the fight against left-wing armed organizations which kept operating in Chile after the restoration of restricted democracy.

By 1973, the amount of land in Chile under cultivation fell by 20 %.

By 9: 00 am, the armed forces controlled Chile, except for the city centre of the capital, Santiago.

By the late 1950s, the three largest copper mines in Chile were Chuquicamata, El Salvador mine, and El Teniente.

By 1990 the Leone name continued to be used in Japan but was now known as the Loyale in Chile, the United States and Canada, the L-Series in Europe and Australia and as the Omega in New Zealand where the third generation was the last to be assembled locally by Motor Holdings at Waitara.

By the 16th century, in the colonies of Chile and Peru, Spanish settlers began to produce aguardiente, a distilled spirit made by diluting alcohol in water.

By occupying Easter Island, Chile joined the imperial nations.

By the time the Germans landed 48 British and French merchant seamen from sunken prizes it had become clear to all that World War I had broken out, and Routledge complained sharply of this infringement of neutral Chilean territory to the schoolmaster in his capacity as representative of the Government of Chile ; whilst her husband sailed the Mana to Valparaiso to pass on a similar complaint to the British Consul in Santiago.

By the late 1950s, the three principal copper mines in Chile were: Chuquicamata, El Salvador, and El Teniente.

By the end of the tournament Chile ended third, and Livingstone was considered the best player of the tournament.