By the time of the 28th Congress of the CPSU in July 1990, the party was largely regarded as being unable to lead the country and had, in fifteen republics, split into opposing factions favouring either independent republics or the continuation of the Soviet Union.

By 1990 the Soviet government had lost control over economic conditions.

By 1990, an estimated 50 % of islanders had some degree of proficiency in Corsican, and a small minority, perhaps 10 %, used Corsican as a first language.

By the end of 1990 almost 15 million homes had been included in franchised areas, but only 828, 000 of these had been passed by broadband cable and only 149, 000 were actually subscribing.

By 1990, Compaq Europe was a $ 2 billion business, and foreign sales contributed 54 percent of Compaq's revenues.

By 1990, after efforts by Wendy's agency, Backer Spielvolgel Bates, to get humor into the campaign, a decision was made to portray Thomas in a more self-deprecating and folksy manner, which proved much more popular with test audiences.

By 1990, floorball was recognized in 7 countries, and by the time of the first European Floorball Championships in 1994, that number had risen to 14.

By 1990, Chile had fulfilled Hayek's prediction by transitioning to a democratic state as established in the 1980 Constitution of Chile approved during the Pinochet regime.

By 1990 an additional five free zones were in operation in Omoa, Coloma, Tela, La Ceiba, and Amapala.

By 1990 the poorest parts of Malaysia were rural Sabah and Sarawak, which lagged significantly behind the rest of the country.

By 1990, income per capita in Japan equalled or surpassed that in most countries in the West.

By October, a first quarter 1990 release was envisaged.

By the middle of 1990, Taylor controlled much of the country, and by June laid siege to Monrovia.

By 1990 only a handful of Polonized Germans, prewar citizens of Liegnitz, remained of the pre-1945 German population.

By December 1990, a study to estimate the project's cost determined that long-term expenditure would total approximately 450 billion dollars spread over 20 to 30 years.

By the time of Windows 3. 0's 1990 release, PCs had caught up in processing power and had acquired a graphical interface, and software titles began to see release on multiple platforms.

By November 1990, only four months later, the 5th Battalion had deployed and in early 1991 the 21st Guards Battalion had also been formed, four staff courses had been run, support weapons and logistics training was well advanced ( indeed a logistics battalion deployed as early as July 1990 ) and an operational test exercise had been conducted.

By a law that took effect in April 1990, the EPS became subordinate to President Chamorro as commander in chief.

By the end of 1989, the last hardline members of the party's Central Committee had either resigned or been pushed out, followed in 1990 by 95 % of the SED's 2. 3 million members.

By early 1990, the PDS was no longer a Marxist-Leninist party, though neo-marxist and communist minority factions continue to exist.

By the time of the Twenty-Eighth Party Congress in July 1990, the CPSU was regarded by liberals and nationalists of the constituent republics as anachronistic and unable to lead the country.

By 1990 the government had virtually lost control over economic conditions.

By late 1990, Phish's concerts were becoming more and more intricate, often making a consistent effort to involve the audience in the performance.

By mid-1942, the Allies began to regroup and while some Allied aircraft such as the Brewster Buffalo and the P-39 were hopelessly outclassed by fighters like Japan's Zero, others such as the Army's P-40 and the Navy's Wildcat possessed attributes such as superior firepower, ruggedness and dive speed, and the Allies soon developed tactics ( such as the Thach weave ) to take advantage of these strengths.

By 1998, Japan's public works projects still could not stimulate demand enough to end the economy's stagnation.

By 1905, Taiwan was financially self-sufficient and had been weaned off of subsidies from Japan's central government.

By the mid-1930s as Japan's empire was reaching its zenith, the colonial government began a political socialization program designed to enforce Japanese customs, rituals and a loyal Japanese identity upon the aborigines.

By leasing Liaodong and railway concessions, Russia crashed its Sphere of Influence squarely into Japan's.

By the late 1930s, it included most of Japan's warships — only the base units, the Special Naval Landing Forces, and the China Area Fleet lay outside the Combined Fleet.

By then, Japan's industrial output had dropped and production levels were limited.

By the first two decades of the 20th century, " Korea " began to be seen more frequently than " Corea "-a change that coincided with Japan's consolidation of its grip over the peninsula.

By the beginning of the 1960s Japan's economy was gearing up ; wages were rising and the idea of family motoring was taking off.

By 1991, it had fallen to 15, 000, signifying the end of Japan's famed " bubble economy ".

By the start of World War II, the Big Four zaibatsu alone had direct control over more than 30 % of Japan's mining, chemical, metals industries and almost 50 % control of the machinery and equipment market, a significant part of the foreign commercial merchant fleet and 60 % of the commercial stock exchange.

By the end of the Second World War in 1945, the " heavy " bomber, epitomized by the British Avro Lancaster and American B-32 used in the Pacific Theater, showed what could be accomplished by area bombing of Japan's cities and the often small and dispersed factories within them.

By the late years of the Shōwa period, Japan's economy was the second largest in the world after the United States.

By 1980, many Japanese products, particularly automobiles and electronics, were being exported around the world, and Japan's industrial sector was the second-largest in the world after the U. S. This growth pattern continued unabated despite recession in the 1990s.

By the end of 1942 the Allied navies had overcome most of the technological edges Japan's ships and planes had held at the start of the war.

By late 1943 Japan's ' outer ' defensive ring had been thoroughly punctured, with the U. S. fleet working its way over or past such strongholds in their steady progression across the Central Pacific islands.

By that point in the war, most of Japan's merchant fleet had already been sunk, but Street went into shallow water close to shore and found several ships.

By now, their popularity had reached the point to which they would headline the Tokyo Dome, Japan's largest indoor live venue titled Lunatic Tokyo.

By the end of the war, only 12 % of Japan's pre-war merchant tonnage was still afloat.

By 1970 half of world's and 80 % of Japan's steel output was produced in oxygen converters.

By 1960, as conditions improve on second and third class trains, there were few passengers travelling on first class ; therefore, the few remaining first class carriages were rebranded " special " carriages available for hire, and consequently moved Japan's railway system to a two-class system, of which the original second class became the first, and the original third became second.

By the 1970s, however, with Japan enjoying a remarkable economic boom, Ōtsuka began to consider the ' feudal residues ' in a positive light, as a badge of Japan's distinctive difference from the West ( Ōtsuka, Kawashima, Doi 1976 passim ).

By age 21, she had earned a reputation as Japan's best dancer and maiko.

By July 16, the storm continued tracking west and became a threat to Taiwan and Japan's Sakishima Islands.