By 1997, the refinery reached the same rate of production it was at before the war.

By 1996, the cemetery and marker were in poor condition, but a new granite headstone was erected in 1997.

By the 1920s, the U. S. reached what is still its era of greatest-ever output, producing an average of 800 feature films annually, or 82 % of the global total ( Eyman, 1997 ).

By the end of 1997 the consolidated public sector deficit decreased to 4. 6 % of GDP — with public sector spending falling from 62 % of GDP to below 50 %— the current account deficit was reduced to 2 % of GDP, and government debt was paid down to 94 % of annual export earnings.

By the end of 1997, Hungary had shifted much of its trade to the West.

By 1997, the federal government had already cut tariffs to 22. 5 percent from 57. 5 percent ten years earlier, and by 2000 were planning to reduce this even further down to 15 percent.

By November 1997, rapid currency depreciation had seen public debt reach US $ 60 bn, imposing severe strains on the government's budget.

By 1997, it was apparent that the IA-64 architecture and the compiler were much more difficult to implement than originally thought, and the delivery of Merced began slipping.

By 1997, the phrase had entered the legal lexicon as seen in an opinion by Supreme Court of the United States Justice John Paul Stevens, ' An example of " junk science " that should be excluded under the Daubert standard as too unreliable would be the testimony of a phrenologist who would purport to prove a defendant ’ s future dangerousness based on the contours of the defendant ’ s skull.

By this time the " New " Labour Party was seen as a reformed and fresh alternative under the leadership of Tony Blair, and after eighteen years in office the Conservatives lost the 1997 general election in one of the worst electoral defeats since the Great Reform Act of 1832.

By this time billionaire Sir James Goldsmith had set up his own Referendum Party, siphoning off some Conservative support, and at the 1997 General Election many Conservative candidates were openly expressing reluctance to join.

By the time Labour returned to government in 1997 after 18 years in opposition, Tony Blair ( leader since 1994 ) had abandoned the Labour policy of going back on Tory-led union reforms, as well as ending the commitment of nationalisation of industries and utilities.

By 1997, the Ministry of Information and Telecommunications was created to formulate and implement policies regarding the development of the ICT sector.

By the end of 1997 GemStone III and DragonRealms had become the first and second most played games on AOL.

By the late 1990s MIPS was a powerhouse in the embedded processor field, and in 1997 the 48-millionth MIPS-based CPU shipped, making it the first RISC CPU to outship the famous 68k family.

By late 1997, however, search engine providers realized that information stored in elements, especially the attribute, was often unreliable and misleading, and at worst, used to draw users into spam sites.

By 1997, Miramax shut down the company due to " lack of interest " in the pictures released.

By December 1997, the IMF had approved a USD $ 21 billion loan, that would be part of a USD $ 58. 4 billion bailout plan.

By 1997, the predominantly Kulyabi-led Tajik government and the UTO successfully negotiated a power-sharing peace accord and implemented it by 2000.

By 1997, 81 % of the developing world's wheat area was planted to semi-dwarf wheats, giving both increased yields and better response to nitrogenous fertilizer.

By 1997 Scottish and Newcastle claimed that it was the most widely distributed alcoholic product in both pubs and off licences in the country.

Bob Marley in France noted as a Rasta. By 1997, there were, according to one estimate, around one million Rastafari faithful worldwide.

By the end of the 1990s, Judd had managed to achieve significant fame and success as a leading actress, after leading roles in several thrillers that performed well at the box office, including Kiss the Girls in 1997 and 1999's Double Jeopardy.

By 1997 it would sell for only $ 500, due to the proliferation of guns in Japan during the 1990s.

By the mid-1990s, however, companies were beginning to ask what the return was on the investment they had made in this loosely controlled PC software buying spree.

By the early 1970s, the picture changed: software costs were dramatically increasing, a growing software industry was competing with the hardware manufacturer's bundled software products ( free in that the cost was included in the hardware cost ), leased machines required software support while providing no revenue for software, and some customers able to better meet their own needs did not want the costs of " free " software bundled with hardware product costs.

By 2005, Richard Glass considered the differences to be a " serious fracture " but " vitally important to those on both sides of the fracture " and " of little importance to anyone else studying the movement from a software engineering perspective " since they have had " little effect on the field ".

By " open access " to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.

By the time of Windows 3. 0's 1990 release, PCs had caught up in processing power and had acquired a graphical interface, and software titles began to see release on multiple platforms.

By giving away their ICQ product for free and preventing interoperability between their client software and other products, they were able to temporarily dominate the market for instant messaging.

By developing in iterations, software projects can limit effort wasted to a single iteration.

By 1985, Kurzweil ’ s software had a vocabulary of 1, 000 words — if uttered one word at a time.

By now, several other software packages such as Virtual PC, VirtualBox, Parallels Workstation and Virtual Iron manage to implement virtualization on x86 hardware.

By 2005, Sony had relaxed the restrictions in its SonicStage software to allow unrestricted digital transfers to and from Hi-MD and the computer.

By way of the RIFF format, the audio-visual data contained in the " movi " chunk can be encoded or decoded by software called a codec, which is an abbreviation for ( en ) coder / decoder.

By design, any RIFF file can legally include additional chunks of data, each identified by a four-character code ; software which does not understand that particular code should skip the chunk.

By area served we can divide collaborative software into:

By 2007, because of the waning popularity of the format and the increasing popularity of solid-state MP3 players, Sony was producing only one model, the Hi-MD MZ-RH1 ( also available as the MZ-M200 in North America packaged with a Sony microphone and limited Macintosh software support ).

By greatly reducing the amount of programming required to install an application on a new manufacturer's computer, CP / M increased the market size for both hardware and software.

By the early 1960s computer control software had evolved from Monitor control software, e. g., IBSYS, to Executive control software.

By the nature of free and open source software, packages under similar and compatible licenses are available for use on a number of operating systems.