By the eve of statehood, the JNF had acquired a total of 936, 000 dunums of land ; another 800, 000 dunums had been acquired by other Jewish organizations or individuals.

* 936: By coup, Ibn Raiq becomes the Amir al-Umara under Abbasid Caliph ar-Radi.

By the 6th century AD there is evidence of the foundation of a Bavarian stem duchy whose leadership was related to the ruling Frankish ( and possibly Alemannic / Swabian ) houses.

By the Treaty of London in 1839 the status of the grand duchy was confirmed as sovereign and in personal union to the king of the Netherlands.

By the Treaty of Vienna ( November 1738 ), Stanisław was compensated for the loss of his Polish throne with the duchy of Lorraine, which would eventually pass to King Louis as his son-in-law, while Duke Francis III of Lorraine was made heir to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany as compensation for the loss of Lorraine.

By January 1851 the parties were able to agree that the action of the opera would be moved from the royal court of France to a duchy of France or Italy, and some of the characters would to be renamed.

By the Carinthian Plebiscite in October 1920, the main area of the duchy formed the Austrian state of Carinthia, a small southeastern part ( the present-day region of Slovenian Carinthia ) was included into the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

By paying a large sum of money he induced the emperor Rudolph II in 1599 to free the duchy from the suzerainty of Austria.

By 1005, the town already had a couple of churches and had become the largest town in the duchy of Lotharingia.

By the Treaty of Fredrikshamn in 1809 Finland was ceded from Sweden and became an autonomous grand duchy within the Russian Empire.

By the Treaty of Stettin ( 1630 ) however, Bogislaw XIV had also effectively handed over control of the duchy to Sweden, who refused to give in to the Brandenburgian claim.

By the constitution of the grand duchy, upon Dalberg's death, the state would be inherited by Napoleon's stepson, Eugène de Beauharnais.

By the end of the 9th century, Brittany had its own languages: Breton and the old form of Gallo, a Romance language, that tended already at that time to eliminate Breton from the last areas in the eastern part of duchy, where it was still spoken.

By 1086, Alan IV was forced to abandon his duchy after an invasion launched by William I of England.

By the Treaty of Roskilde ( 1658 ) and the Treaty of Copenhagen ( 1660 ), Denmark released Gottorp from its feudal bonds and recognized the sovereignty of its dukes over the Gottorp portions of the duchy of Schleswig.

By chance Nicolò is rescued by Zichmni, who is described as prince who owned some islands called Porlanda off the southern coast of Frislanda, and who ruled the duchy of Sorant, or Sorand, south-east of Frislanda.

By this treaty Charles, ignoring the desire of Ferdinand to depose Ulrich again, allowed him to retain his duchy, but stipulated that he should pay a large sum of money, surrender certain fortresses, and appear as a suppliant before the emperor at Ulm.

By the middle of August, John of Montfort was in possession of most of the duchy, including the three principal cities, Nantes, Rennes and Vannes.

By 1705, the grand ducal treasury was virtually bankrupt, and the population of Florence had declined by approximately 50 %, while the population of the entire grand duchy had decreased by an estimated 40 %.

By 925 the Lotharingian nobles finally accepted his rule, whereafter Lotharingia with the Frisian lands were incorporated as a fifth German stem duchy.

By the Peace of Cateau Cambrésis between France and Spain, ( 1559 ) the duchy was restored to Emmanuel Philibert and he married his half-first cousin once removed Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry ( 1523 – 1574 ), daughter of King Francis I of France and sister to King Henry II.

By 575 or 576 Faroald had seized Nursia and Spoleto, establishing his duchy and sponsoring an Arian bishop.

By the middle of August, John of Montfort was in possession of most of the duchy, including the three principal cities, Nantes, Rennes and Vannes.

By then, the emperors had lost their influence in Italy and Burgundy.

By 1433, as a result of the defeat of the last countess of Holland in the Hook and Cod Wars, the Duke of Burgundy had assumed control over most of the Dutch-speaking territories and the concept of a nation of Dutch-speaking people was conceived.

By 1433 most of the Belgian and Luxembourgian territory along with much of the rest of the Low Countries became part of Burgundy under Philip the Good.

By his marriage to Margaret III, Countess of Flanders, he also became Count Philip II of Flanders, Count Philip IV of Artois and Count-Palatine Philip IV of Burgundy.

By 632, Dagobert had Burgundy and Aquitaine firmly under his rule, becoming the most powerful Merovingian king in many years and the most respected ruler in the West.

By the terms of the marriage contract, Margaret retained her rights to the English throne, and her dowry was promised to Burgundy even if she died within the first year ( often, the dowry would return to the bride's family under such circumstances ).

By 1477, Margaret's position as Duchess of Burgundy was no longer as brilliant as it had been: after Isabel's death in 1471, Charles had become increasingly tyrannical and grandiose, dreaming of assembling a Kingdom of Lotharingia from the North Sea to the Mediterranean ; to accomplish this, he warred continuously with his neighbours, who responded by allying against him.

By 1476, the Duke was regarded as a tyrant by his people, who were suffering from the French refusal to export their wine and bread to Burgundy, and who dreaded his terrible reprisals against rebels being unleashed on them.

By 1493, Burgundy was recovering.

By 1415, however, the feud between the Royal family and the house of Burgundy led to chaos and anarchy throughout France.

By the 14th century the county was surrounded on all parts by Burgundy's possessions and John of Burgundy, an illegitimate son of John the Fearless, was made bishop.

By the end of the 19th century there were Alicante Bouschet plantings in Bordeaux, Burgundy and the Loire Valley.

By the 9th century it was part of the Second Kingdom of Burgundy.

By the marriage of Countess Margaret III with Philip II, Duke of Burgundy, the county and the subsidiary counties entered a personal union with the Duchy of Burgundy in 1405.

By 1263, the Abbey of Saint-Maurice possessed some land in Lutry, which they had received in 1017 from the Kings of Burgundy.

By the mid 15th century a regional variety of sallet had evolved in England and the Netherlands, termed the ' English-Burgundian style ' ( the Netherlands were at that time ruled by the Duke of Burgundy ).

By 1435, however, he had regained influence, enabling him to orchestrate the Treaty of Arras between Charles VII of France and Philip III, Duke of Burgundy.

By 1467 Busnois was at the court of Burgundy, and he had begun composing for them immediately before the accession of Charles to the title of Duke on June 15, since one of his motets — in hydraulis — contains a dedication indicating that he was still Count.

By the Treaty of Andelot ( 587 ) Guntram acquired possession of it and it remained with Burgundy until the reunion of various Frankish kingdoms in 613.

By the end of August a number of university leaders reunited around the Duke of Burgundy and the Parisian haute bourgeoisie led by the lawyer, Jean Jouvenel des Ursins, favored return of the Armagnacs.

By 744, his daughter Bertrada of Laon had married Pippin the Younger, mayor of the palace of Neustria and Burgundy and later king of the Franks.

By this marriage Frederick obtained control of the vast county of Burgundy.