By 1900 the advertising agency had become the focal point of creative planning, and advertising was firmly established as a profession.

By the 1890s, the portion from 23rd Street to 34th Street was so brightly illuminated by electrical advertising signs, that people began calling it " The Great White Way.

By contrast, in January 2001, just three dot-coms bought advertising spots during Super Bowl XXXV.

By 2002, after the crash of Internet advertising, only one news segment could be viewed freely, and by 2004, no free content remained on the website.

By the time of the First World War, the mass advertising and popularity of the Victor Talking Machine Company's Victrolas ( a line of disc-playing machines characterized by their concealed horns ) was leading to widespread generic use of the word " victrola " for any machine that played discs, which were however still called " phonograph records " or simply " records ", almost never " victrola records ".

By manipulating food's taste, sugar and fat content, and directing their advertising to children, the suit argued that the company purposely misleads the public about the nutritional value of its product.

By the 1950s the term investment had been co-opted by financial brokers and their advertising agencies to promote speculation.

By the time of the World Bowl, the games were struggling to achieve Nielsen ratings above 2. 0, and TVS found it nearly impossible to sell advertising.

By this time, American advertising had adopted many elements and inflections of modern art and functioned at a very sophisticated level.

By the early 20th century the Wenatchee Commercial Club, now the Wenatchee Valley Chamber of Commerce, was advertising the region as the " Home of the World's Best Apples.

By early 1971, though, ABC was trying to cut costs in the face of harsh new economic realities including a national economic recession, a sharp dip in advertising revenue following the U. S. government's recent ban on cigarette commercials, and a record-high number of competing soap operas — which were more expensive to produce than game or talk shows — on the networks ' daytime schedules.

By 1965, the program brought in more advertising revenue than any other on television.

By the summer of 1996, thanks to IMDb's first film-related advertising campaign ( for Independence Day ), Needham had quit HP to work on IMDb full-time as a paid employee.

By contrast, printers, publishers, advertising agencies and law firms tend not to specifically require a degree.

By the mid-1990s, major corporations were sponsoring events and adopting the scene's music and fashion for their " edgier " advertising, making the scene become more commercialized.

By 1916, the Quantico Company began advertising Quantico as " The New Industrial City ," and pushed for industry to come to the area.

By autumn a catalog was issued advertising workshops with such titles as " Individual Cultural Definitions of Rationality ", " The Expanding Vision " and " Drug-Induced Mysticism ".

By applying these three important disciplines to an advertising model, a VMS company is able to match a client with their targeted customers at a cost effective advantage.

By the mid 1970s, a change in taxation rules and a general increase in advertising spend saw STV's fortunes recover, and in 1978, company profits had risen by 21. 8 % in the first six months of the year, allowing for an increase in local programming.

By 1980, the company was in severe financial trouble due to a national economic downturn that affected advertising revenue on the whole ITV network.

By contrast, Mattel Toys in the same year had sales of $ 6 Million but spent $ 500, 000 for advertising, sponsoring shows like The Mickey Mouse Club ( Clark 2007, p. 220 ).

By the mid 1940s, Inca Kola was a market leader in Lima due to an aggressive advertising campaign appealing to the prevalence of Peruvian nationalism among the population.

By its fifth-year anniversary in 1996, the collective " ZD Net " brand — now on the Web, America Online, Microsoft Network and Prodigy — counted 300, 000 subscribers and was named the second-highest grossing advertising site on the Web.

By tradition, a red wine should be served at approximately room temperature -- if anything a little cooler -- and be aged enough for the tannin and acids to have worked out and the sediment have settled well.

By 1851 the Eagle Station ranch located along the Carson River served as a trading post and stopover for travelers on the California Trail's Carson Branch which ran through Eagle Valley.

By the time Bramah's beer pumps became popular, the use of the word draught to mean the act of serving beer was well established and transferred easily to beer served via the hand pumps.

By October, he was en route to South Africa to join, the flagship of the Cape squadron, the first of several ships on which he served during his midshipman years.

By 1878, the Tom Collins was being served in the bar rooms of New York City and elsewhere.

By becoming President under current terms, Grant would at best leave the office at age 56 with no income, assuming he served two terms.

By his own description Vitruvius served as a ballista ( artilleryman ), the third class of arms in the military offices.

By the time the war ended, $ 20 million in war bonds were purchased through the studio, the Red Cross collected 5, 200 pints of plasma from studio employees, and 763 of the studio's employees served in the armed forces, including Harry Warner's son-in-law Milton Sperling and Jack's son Jack Warner Jr.

* April 12 – By a vote of 45 – 41, the United States Senate unseats Iowa Senator Smith W. Brookhart and seats Daniel F. Steck, after Brookhart had already served for over one year.

By the start of the 21st century, a modified " short-cut " version was being served by fast-food chains in servings up to.

By combining people with and without disabilities, S4EA hopes that participating athletes will interact and form lasting bonds of friendship through shared sports and recreational activities in S4EA's served communities.

By a suitable choice of utility frequency, both lighting and motor loads could be served.

By area served we can divide collaborative software into:

By 600, he was a subaltern officer in the Byzantine army that served during Maurice's Balkan campaigns, and apparently was viewed as a leader by his fellow soldiers.

By 1870 the population in the states served by the Oregon Trail and its offshoots increased by about 350, 000 over their 1860 census levels.

By the end of the 19th century, a large underground complex had also been built which served as quarters for the troops inside the city.

By withdrawing these lands from settlement, Congress signaled a shift in the policy goals served by the public lands.

By the purchase of one of the better Spanish armament companies, Euscalduna located in the north of Spain which they renamed as “ Placencia de las Armas Co. Ltd ”; and thanks to his love affair ( he always attributed, the key of his professional success to his sexual skills ) and by the creation of a powerful kernel inside Spain, of influential politicians, journalists and military high officials that served him in a perfect way in his personals interest.

By the following year, Mendocino County had been convinced that the public interest was best served by reclaiming for the public domain 300, 000 acres of timber land from Louisiana Pacific.

By using Song state-gathered statistics, Edward A. Kracke, Sudō Yoshiyuki, and Ho Ping-ti supported the hypothesis that simply because one had a father, grandfather, or great-grandfather who had served as an official of state, it did not guarantee that one would obtain the same level of authority.

By the 18th century, Cossack hosts in the Russian Empire served as buffer zones on her borders.

By the end of the 18th century, Cossacks were transformed into a special social estate ( Sosloviye ); they served as border guards on national and internal ethnic borders ( as was the case in the Caucasus War ) and regularly supplied men to conflicts such as the numerous Russo-Turkish Wars.

By the end of the First Age, Taliska had developed into a language that served as the basis for Adûnaic, the vernacular tongue of the Númenóreans, as well as the languages of the Rohirrim and the Men of Dale.

By now middle-aged, Dreyfus served mostly behind the lines of the Western Front, in part as commander of an artillery supply column.

By 1797, the Mission San Fernando Rey de España became established nearby and served as a catalyst to change the native population, which inhabited the area around Northridge for centuries.