Puttenham, in the time of Elizabeth I of England, wished to start from Elissabet Anglorum Regina ( Elizabeth Queen of the English ), to obtain Multa regnabis ense gloria ( By thy sword shalt thou reign in great renown ); he explains carefully that H is " a note of aspiration only and no letter ", and that Z in Greek or Hebrew is a mere SS.

By 454, the Delian League could be fairly characterized as an Athenian Empire ; at the start of the Peloponnesian War, only Chios and Lesbos were left to contribute ships, and these states were by now far too weak to secede without support.

By the mid-1960s, both systems showed enough promise to start development of base selection for a limited ABM system dubbed Sentinel.

By the start of the war this included

By the start of the 1996 season, Fitzroy was almost at the end of its financial tether.

By quickly setting up for the next play ( often within 5 – 10 seconds after the last play despite being afforded 45 seconds ) this hindered the other team's defense from substituting situational players, regrouping for tactics, and, some suggest, increased the defense's rate of fatigue ( This is attributed to the belief that the offense dictates when a play starts so they tend to be more mentally relaxed and prepared for the start of a play where the defense must remain on a higher level of alert before the play starts ).

By the start of World War I the cinema in Poland was already in full swing, with numerous adaptations of major works of Polish literature screened ( notably the Dzieje grzechu, Meir Ezofowicz and Nad Niemnem.

By the start of the fourteenth century the word appeared in English texts, indicating all three senses: the most common one, the legal term and the archaic usage.

By the start of the 18th century, a political union between Scotland and England became politically and economically attractive, promising to open up the much larger markets of England, as well as those of the growing British Empire.

By the start of the Common Era, " robust, vertical, angular harps " ( fig.

By the start of the First World War, the German Imperial Navy possessed 22 pre-Dreadnoughts, 19 dreadnought battleships and 7 battlecruisers.

By the start of the Eocene 55 million years ago ( Mya ), they had diversified and spread out to occupy several continents.

( By comparison, the Standard Model is expected to start to break down above its cutoff at the much smaller scale of around 1000 GeV.

By the start of the 20th century France and Switzerland remained the only republics in Europe.

By the start of the 20th century it became widely popular throughout North America and was listened and danced to, performed, and written by people of many different subcultures.

By starting this Super Bowl Tarkenton became the second quarterback to start three Super Bowls, following his Super Bowl VIII counterpart Bob Griese.

By the start of the scientific revolution, empiricism had already become an important component of science and natural philosophy.

By using this otherwise wasted energy to increase the mass of air, it becomes easier to ensure that all fuel is burned before being vented at the start of the exhaust stage.

By the start of the 17th century ' jachts ' came in two broad categories-speel-jachts for sport and oorlog-jachts for naval duties.

By using a transmission gearbox, the rotational inertia of the flywheel can be used to directly start up a diesel engine, and once running, the diesel engine can be used to directly spin the flywheel.

By 1528, less than ten years after the start of the Reformation, the lords of the Frankish margrave territories switched to the Lutheran faith.

By the morning of 2 May, they had gained the safety of Berkeley Castle and had a head start of over Edward.

By 1111 the ranks had grown sufficiently at Cîteaux, and Stephen sent a group of 12 monks to start a " daughter house ", a new community dedicated to the same ideals of the strict observance of Saint Benedict.

By the start of the 1980s most politicians had lost interest in the concept and the project was repeatedly de-funded in the early 1980s.

By the turn of the 21st century, Battery Park City was mostly completed, with the exception of some ongoing construction on West Street.

By the early 21st century, weakness in the Faroese economy had been eliminated and, accordingly, many minds turned once again to the possibility of independence from Denmark.

By 15: 00, the 3rd Reconnaissance Regiment and part of 21st Panzer Division from the north and 33rd Reconnaissance Regiment and the Baade Group comprising elements from 15th Panzer Division from the south were in place under Lieutenamnt-General ( General der Panzertruppe ) Walther Nehring.

By the 21st century, the Netherlands had become a modern, dynamic country with a successful, internationally oriented economy ( the 16th largest in the world in 2010 ) and a high standard of living.

By 1901, the San Joaquin Basin was the main oil-producing region of California, and it remains so in the 21st century, with huge oil fields including the Midway-Sunset, Kern River, and Belridge fields producing much of California's onshore oil.

By the 21st century, there would be about as many people who were Scotch Canadians and Scottish Americans as the 5 million remaining in Scotland.

By the 21st century, an estimated 80 million people worldwide claim some Irish descent ; among them are 41 million Americans who claim " Irish " as their primary ethnicity.

By 1934, a board game called Monopoly had been created which formed the basis of the game sold by Parker Brothers and its parent companies through the rest of the 20th century, and into the 21st.

By the mid-first decade of the 21st century virtually all mainstream automakers in Europe had a compact MPV in their range.

By November 1990, only four months later, the 5th Battalion had deployed and in early 1991 the 21st Guards Battalion had also been formed, four staff courses had been run, support weapons and logistics training was well advanced ( indeed a logistics battalion deployed as early as July 1990 ) and an operational test exercise had been conducted.

By the turn of the 21st century, the turntable had become a niche product, as the price of CD players, which reproduce music free from pops and scratches, fell far lower than high fidelity tape players or turntables.

By the 21st century, vertebrate paleontologists were beginning to adopt phylogenetic taxonomy, in which all groups are defined in such a way as to be monophyletic ; that is, groups include all descendants of a particular ancestor.

By the beginning of the 21st century, the majority of low end and mobile systems relied on RISC architectures.

By the second half of the 21st century, in the time the game is set, these events are accepted as commonplace.

By contrast in 21st century Britain, nearly half of all children are born outside marriage, and nine in ten newlyweds have been cohabitating.

By the 21st century it will be the oldest tertiary institution in Australia.

By the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the government blamed crashing fish populations on overfishing, especially off the Northern California and Oregon coast, which lie directly adjacent to the migration paths of Sacramento River salmon.

By the early years of the 21st century, western clothing styles had, to some extent, become international styles.

By the early 21st century it will be the oldest manufacturing company in Great Britain.

By the beginning of the 21st century, systematic Yankee ways had permeated the entire society through education.

By the turn of the 21st century, the climate of scholarly opinion shifted somewhat on this belief: some contemporary researchers argue that publishing plays was a risky and marginal business — though this conclusion has been disputed by others.

By the early 21st century computer-generated imagery, advanced film scanning, digital intermediate methods and film stocks with higher resolutions optimized for special effects work had together rendered VistaVision mostly obsolete even for special effects work.

By the 21st century, neither DFS nor AFS had achieved any major commercial success as compared to CIFS or NFS.

By the early 21st century, due to further modification and dredging, the harbour is capable of harbouring vessels of over 170, 000 deadweight.