By accepted definition, a 1-ton conditioner will provide 12,000 BTU of cooling in one hour.

By the Brønsted-Lowry definition, any compound which can easily be deprotonated can be considered an acid.

By definition it does not cover problems whose solution are unknown or have not been characterised formally.

By definition a multilinear map is alternating if it vanishes whenever two of its arguments are equal.

By this definition, if previous versions ( N-1, N-2, etc.

* By the definition of addition and scalar multiplication of linear functionals in the dual space,

By definition, where a director enters into a transaction with a company, there is a conflict between the director's interest ( to do well for himself out of the transaction ) and his duty to the company ( to ensure that the company gets as much as it can out of the transaction ).

By legal definition, all semi-highways are expressways.

By definition a set S is countable if there exists an injective function

By 1963 – 4 Gödel would disavow Herbrand – Gödel recursion and the λ-calculus in favor of the Turing machine as the definition of " algorithm " or " mechanical procedure " or " formal system ".

By contrast, a dictionary definition has additional details, typically including an etymology showing snapshots of the earlier meanings and the parent language.

By his own admission, Hubbard made what he considered was one of the greatest mistakes of his life when he used the biological definition of engram as a " trace on a cell ", which was not in line with the proper biological definition.

By definition, this classifies it as both a river and a strait — a strait being a narrow passageway connecting two large bodies of water.

Let f and g be any two elements of G. By virtue of the definition of G, = and =, so that =.

By definition, it is the amount of energy gained by the charge of a single electron moved across an electric potential difference of one volt.

At standard temperature, pressure and concentration conditions, the cell's emf ( measured by a multimeter ) is 0. 34 V. By definition, the electrode potential for the SHE is zero.

By definition, equality follow a number of " equivalence relations ", including ( a ) reflexive ( i. e. ), ( b ) symmetric ( i. e. if then ) ( c ) transitive ( i. e. if and then ).

By definition, a and b can be written as multiples of c: a = mc and b = nc, where m and n are natural numbers.

By definition, the first two numbers in the Fibonacci sequence are 0 and 1, and each subsequent number is the sum of the previous two.

By an abuse of the definition, a particular formal language is often thought of as being equipped with a formal grammar that describes it.

By definition, maps objects and morphisms identically to.

By definition, granite is an igneous rock with at least 20 % quartz by volume.

By definition, these clouds must have a v < sub > lsr </ sub > greater than 90 km s < sup >− 1 </ sup >, where v < sub > lsr </ sub > is the local standard rest velocity.

By definition, there was only one " catholic " or " universal " Church.

By November 1954, it had become clear that the Soviet Union would reject any international custody of fissile material, but that a clearing house for nuclear transactions might be possible.

By no means would we discourage the production of ideas: they provide raw materials with which to work ; ;

By comparison to biotechnology, bioengineering is generally thought of as a related field with its emphasis more on higher systems approaches ( not necessarily altering or using biological materials directly ) for interfacing with and utilizing living things.

By regulating the processing parameters — especially the gases introduced, but also including the pressure the system is operated under, the temperature of the diamond, and the method of generating plasma — many different materials that can be considered diamond can be made.

" By leaving Knight intact, the associate justice restricted the authority of the federal government over local businesses or factories whose raw materials or products were part of interstate commerce.

By contrast, for higher frequency radiations at ultraviolet frequencies and above ( i. e., X-rays and gamma rays ) the damage to chemical materials and living cells by EMR is far larger than that done by simple heating, due to the ability of single photons in such high frequency EMR to damage individual molecules chemically.

By a historical analysis of those forms, as applied to the verb, he furnished the first trustworthy materials for a history of the languages compared.

By 2000s ( decade ), the VAZ designation was dropped from market names in favour of Lada and simplified export naming conventions were adopted, so VAZ-2104 effectively became Lada 2104, VAZ-2110 became Lada 110, VAZ-2114 became Lada Samara hatchback or Lada 114 and so on, though model indices continue to be used in both technical and marketing materials.

By extension, the term " Old Mandarin " is used by linguists to refer to the northern dialects recorded in materials from the Yuan dynasty.

By the 1990s, the term was in wide use, even in formal engineering papers such as " Towards unobtainium < nowiki > composite materials for space applications < nowiki ></ nowiki >.

By adjusting the pH of some toxic materials, we are reducing the leaching ability of the waste.

By the Middle Minoan age a new set for seal forms, motifs and materials appear.

By replacing the liquid with gas it is possible to prepare aerogels, materials with exceptional properties including very low density, high specific surface areas, and excellent thermal insulation properties.

* By nature or element: materials, labor, expenses

By the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the chief writing materials were clay tablets, silk cloth, and rolled scrolls made from bamboo strips sewn together with hempen string ; these were passed through drilled holes and secured with clay stamps.

By the 1950s, though, these had been overfished so heavily that the industry almost collapsed, and most sponge-like materials are now synthetic.

By the time of the Vietnam War the majority of supplies and materials were shipped with the CONEX.

By July 1729 the two vessels were back at Okhotsk, where they were moored alongside the Vostok ; the party, no longer needing to carry shipbuilding materials made good time on the return journey from Okhotsk, and by 28 February 1730 Bering was back in the Russian capital.

By 17 April 1948 the situation in Palestine had deteriorated further and the Security Council adopted Resolution 46 ( 1948 ), calling upon all persons and organizations in Palestine to immediately cease all military activities, as well as acts of violence, terrorism and sabotage ; to refrain from any actions endangering the safety of the Holy Places in Palestine and refrain from importing or acquiring or assisting or encouraging the importation or acquisition of weapons and war materials ( arms embargo ).

By now the application of radioactive materials for use in medicine was growing and this discovery led to an ability to create radioactive materials quickly, cheaply and plentifully.

By World War I, thousands of such peddlers roamed the streets of American cities, taking advantage of market forces to recycle post-consumer materials back into industrial production.

By the end of the 1970s, and through the 1980s and 1990s, a range of oxygen-permeable but rigid materials were developed to overcome this problem.

" By the end of the war, the best German troops were dead and the remainder were under continuous pressure on all parts of the Western Front, a consequence in part of an almost endless supply of fresh American reinforcements ( which the Germans were unable to match ) and in part of industry at last supplying the weakened Entente armies with the firepower to replace the men they lacked ( whilst Germany wanted for all sorts of materials thanks to the naval blockade ).

By the 18th century, aromatic plants were being grown in the Grasse region of France, in Sicily, and in Calabria, Italy to provide the growing perfume industry with raw materials.

By mid-century, the Woodside area had a dozen mills producing building materials for a booming San Francisco.