" By exchanging limited exclusive rights for disclosure of inventions and creative works, society and the patentee / copyright owner mutually benefit, and an incentive is created for inventors and authors to create and disclose their work.

By exchanging night and day, the animals ( which are awake during their ' night ') can be observed during daylight hours.

By exchanging matter with Earth, they seek to exploit these differences in physical laws.

By exchanging places with his brother at toilet stops and aided by car lifts at various stages, Sergio Motsoeneng finished ninth.

By mid-1780, England had supplanted France as the influential fashion house in the Western world, exchanging light and elaborate style for a more plain, utilitarian mode of fashion.

By the late 1970s, members were exchanging almost daily information with Roy Frankhouser, a government informant and infiltrator of both far right and far left groups who was involved with the Ku Klux Klan and the American Nazi Party.

By 1921, Crowley and Reuss were exchanging angry letters, culminating in Reuss ' expulsion of Crowley from O. T. O.

By far the most widely accepted standard format for storing and exchanging models in the field is the Systems Biology Markup Language ( SBML ) The SBML. org website includes a guide to many important software packages used in computational systems biology.

By exchanging clothes with his wife's maid, he escaped the attention of his guards.

By exchanging messages in a completely anonymous manner, DDS greatly simplifies distributed application design and encourages modular, well-structured programs.

By exchanging the native prayers and spells with Catholic oraciones and Christian prayers, the albularyo was able to synchronize the ancient mode of healing with the new religion.

By the 27th century BC Egyptian writing had a set of some 24 hieroglyphs which are called uniliterals, to represent syllables that begin with a single consonant of their language, plus a vowel ( or no vowel ) to be supplied by the native speaker.

The largest species are red alder ( A. rubra ) on the west coast of North America, and black alder ( A. glutinosa ), native to most of Europe and widely introduced elsewhere, both reaching over 30 m. By contrast, the widespread Alnus viridis ( green alder ) is rarely more than a 5 m tall shrub.

By providing extra storage this modification also allowed some games and applications intended for the BBC Micro to function on the Electron despite the lack of a native Mode 7.

By 150 BC, Assyria was under the control of the Parthian Empire as Athura ( the Parthian word for Assyria ) where the Assyrian city of Ashur seems to have gained a degree of autonomy, and temples to the native gods of Assyria were resurrected.

By 1000 BC Greek and Phoenician traders had begun to visit the eastern coast of Spain, establishing small trading ports and introducing the native Iberian tribes to the alphabet, iron and the pottery wheel.

By Endeïs Aeacus had two sons, Telamon and Peleus ( father of Achilles ), and by Psamathe a son, Phocus, whom he preferred to the two others, both of whom contrived to kill Phocus during a contest, and then fled from their native island.

By 1866 any native of the North East could be called a Geordie.

By the twenty-first century, the number of non-native English speakers has come to significantly outnumber the number of native speakers by a factor of three, according to the British Council.

By the onset of puberty ( around age 12 ), language acquisition has typically been solidified and it becomes more difficult to learn a language in the same way a native speaker would.

By the year 3000, Mars has been completely terraformed to make it habitable for humans-the native Martian aliens are forced to live in specially designated areas, in a parody of the treatment of Native Americans.

By then he had gained fluency in French, Chinese, Sanskrit, Pali, Japanese and English, in addition to his native Vietnamese.

By his own native capacity, alike unformed and unsupplemented by study, he was at once the best judge in those sudden crises which admit of little or of no deliberation, and the best prophet of the future, even to its most distant possibilities.

By William's death, after weathering a series of rebellions, most of the native Anglo-Saxon aristocracy had been replaced by Norman and other continental magnates.

By some of the native writers, the name Shiraz has derived from a son of Tahmuras, the third Shāh ( King ) of the world according to Ferdowsi's Shāhnāma.

By the first millennium BC, a few of these groups had settled down into year-round agricultural communities that exploited the native flora, including sunflowers and marsh elder.

By the 1980s, fewer than 20 % of Māori spoke the language well enough to be classed as native speakers.

By rapping in their native language, Islamic Force connected directly with Turkey as a country as well as their cultural background while simultaneously merging a global genre ( hip hop ) with a local culture ( Turkish traditions ) According to Diessel, “ The synthesis of Turkish musical idioms and language with hip hop was successful in appealing to a young audience.

By the 18th century, it was commonly planted by both colonists and native American Indians.

By 20 he could also speak Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Amharic, Sanskrit, Avestan, Pahlavi, Arabic, Syriac, Chaldean, Persian and Ge ' ez in addition to his native French.

By the early to middle part of the 19th century, British academics were aware that the brown rat was not native to Norway, hypothesizing ( incorrectly ) that it may have come from Ireland, Gibraltar or across the English Channel with William the Conqueror.

By the time Mission San Jose was closed as an agricultural commune in the mid-1830s, Plains Miwok was the predominate native language among its neophyte Indian people ( Milliken 2008 ).

By the 19th century, only ten percent of this forest cover remained and the European settlers introduced several new exotic grass, lupin, pine and macrocarpa that gradually supplanted the native vegetation.

By far the best-known species is the Herb Hyssop ( H. officinalis ), widely cultivated outside its native area in the Mediterranean.

By 1797, the Mission San Fernando Rey de España became established nearby and served as a catalyst to change the native population, which inhabited the area around Northridge for centuries.

By the time lower case letters, iota subscripts, accent marks, rough or smooth breathing marks over letters, and punctuation appeared in written Greek in the Middle Ages, Attic Greek writings had not been produced by native speakers for some centuries.

By tradition, the pagan Saxons were invited by Vortigern to assist in fighting the Picts and Irish, though archaeology has suggested some official settlement as landed mercenaries as early as the 3rd century.

By the 5th century, when the public performance of pagan rites had been outlawed, a nominally Christian Roman populace still clung to the Lupercalia in the time of Pope Gelasius I ( 494 – 96 ).

By the 12th century, the peoples inhabiting the lands now known as Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania formed a pagan wedge between increasingly powerful rival Christian states – Greek Orthodox Church to their east and Catholic Church to their west.

By the 4th century, the Thracians had a composite indigenous identity, as Christian " Romans " who preserved some of their ancient pagan rituals.

By the fourth century, when pagan beliefs gave way to Christianity, belief in literal sirens was discouraged.

By the fifth century, St Augustine of Hippo confirmed the Christian reading of the pagan olive branch into Noah, writing that, " perpetual peace is indicated by the olive branch ( oleae ramusculo ) that the dove brought with it when it returned to the ark.

By 1970, CAW placed greater emphasis on ecology and nature, applying the term pagan to nature-lovers in general, regardless of religion.

By the beginning of the Byzantine period ( disestablishment of Syria-Palaestina ), the Jews had still formed the majority and were living alongside Samaritans, pagan Greco-Syrians and a small Christian community.

By war and diplomacy he assembled an alliance that delivered to him the keys of the Kaaba, an important pagan shrine which brought revenues to Mecca because of the multitude of pilgrims that it attracted.

By the early 12th century, the German archbishoprics of Bremen and Magdeburg sought the conversion of neighboring pagan West Slavs to Christianity through peaceful means.

By the early 12th century, the Archbishoprics of Bremen and Magdeburg sought the conversion of the pagan Slavs to Christianity through peaceful means: notable missionaries included Vicelin, Norbert of Xanten, and Otto of Bamberg.

By the early 6th century the church had developed separate dioceses, with bishops as the most senior ecclesiastical figures, but the country was still predominantly pagan.

By then, however, the practice had come under suspicion as a " pagan " ritual, and the Council of Tours in 567 explicitly censured those who " defiled " the feast day of St. Peter.

By the end of the 10th century, only the Scandinavians and the Finnish tribes remained pagan.

By their accounts, when Edmund refused to become the vassal of a pagan, he was killed in much the same way as Saint Sebastian was martyred.

By the time when Andrew and Levente arrived to Hungary, an extensive revolt of the pagan Hungarians had broken out.

By this time the Awraba were already Muslim, but lived in an area where most tribes were either Christian, Jewish, Khariji or pagan.