By the summer of 1866 Johnson's method of restoring states to the Union by executive fiat, without safeguards for the Union Party or the freedmen, was in deep trouble.

By contrast, Liechtenstein and Monaco are considered democratic states, yet the ruling monarchs in these countries wield significant executive power.

By the end of October, Musharraf appointed many technocrats and bureaucrats in his Cabinet, including former Citibank executive Shaukat Aziz as Finance Minister and Abdul Sattar as Foreign Minister.

By declining the usual executive perks he stood as a model for future generations of Intel CEOs.

By 1941, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister King made an executive agreement to build the joint hydro and navigation works, but this too failed to receive the assent of Congress.

By 1987, 31 % of the executive positions in the Sandinista government, 27 % of the leadership positions of the FSLN, and 25 % of the FSLN's active membership were women.

By law, however, Congress may allow the President, heads of executive departments, or the courts to appoint inferior officials.

At his inauguration George Washington declared in his Inaugural Address: " By the article establishing the executive department it is made the duty of the President " to recommend to your consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.

By 1900, the White House staff included one " secretary to the president " ( then the title of the president's chief aide ), two assistant secretaries, two executive clerks, a stenographer, and seven other office personnel.

By the mid-1920s the domestic and international scenes began to favour another authoritarian solution, wherein a strengthened executive might restore political and social order.

By giving the President the authority to negotiate these deals, the Congress effectively ceded a part of their power ( authorized under US Constitution, Article I, Section VIII ) to the executive branch.

By votes in the commission, the commissioners are given executive responsibilities for the various county departments, which fall under the categories of " Roads and Transportation ", " Community Development ", " Environmental Services ", " Health and Human Services ", " Technlogy and Land Development ", and " Finance and General Services ".

By 2001, the orchestra had debt of $ 7 million ( Canadian ), and both its executive director, Ed Smith, and Saraste had left the ensemble.

By the events of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, Chekov has been promoted to commander and executive officer aboard the USS Reliant.

By the early 1960s, Farmer, who had taken a hiatus from leading the group, returned as its executive secretary and sought to repeat the 1947 journey, coining a new name for it: the Freedom Ride.

By February 1981, most of the start-up team had been identified ; by March, the three executive founders, Tom Bruggere, Gerry Langeler and Dave Moffenbeier had left Tektronix, and by May the business plan was complete.

By 1916 Rutherford had become one of the seven directors of the Watch Tower Society ; when Russell died on October 31, 1916 he joined vice-President Alfred I. Ritchie and Secretary-Treasurer William E. Van Amburgh on a three-man executive committee that ran the Pennsylvania corporation until a new president was elected at the annual general meeting the following January.

By the end of the 19th century, Georges Dufayel, a French credit merchant, had served up to three million customers and was affiliated with La Samaritaine, a large French department store established in 1870 by a former Bon Marché executive.

By law, the Governor of Hawaii has the power to create his or her cabinet and departments as needed as long as the executive department is composed of no more than twenty bodies and cabinet members.

By 1934, the executive branch consisted of sixty-nine boards, commissions, and agencies in addition to the constitutional officers, although the members of these commissions were often the constitutional officers themselves.

By 2002, the executive branch had again grown to fourteen cabinets, but had no additional departments.

By then Constantine had turned 16 years old, but his mother did not relinquish executive authority to him.

By the end of her six-month contract, Fox had merged into 20th Century Fox, with Darryl F. Zanuck serving as the executive producer.

By 1985, Morales was elected general secretary in a union of coca farmers and by 1988 was elected executive secretary of the Tropics Federation.

By prevailing over other claimants for the loyalties of men, the nation-state maintained an adequate measure of certainty and order within its territorial borders.

By ( 1 ), the image of this pencil is a ruled surface of order Af which is met by the plane of the pencil in a curve, C, of order Af.

By strengthening the differentiability assumption, it has been possible to derive second and higher order theories of viscoelasticity.

By analogy, the church also has been regarded as entirely independent of the `` world '' in the sense of requiring nothing from it in order to be the church.

By its inclusion the order has grown enormously in number of species.

" By degrees order was introduced in the groups of huts.

By the theory of minute constituents of things, and his emphasis on mechanical processes in the formation of order, he paved the way for the atomic theory.

By 1957, he set this subject aside in order to work in algebraic geometry and homological algebra.

By tradition, when the Justices are in conference deliberating the outcome of cases before the Court, the justices state their views in order of seniority.

By January 1, 1995, the order of battle of the Belarusian army had changed.

By 16: 00, Alexander and Swiftsure were also in sight, although some distance from the main British fleet, and Brueys gave orders to abandon the plan to remain at anchor and instead for his line to set sails, although Blanquet protested the order on the grounds that there were not enough men aboard the French ships to both sail the ships and man the guns.

By a strange twist, the Benedictines were not a mendicant order, but a stable, monastery-based order, and single-volume breviaries are rare from this early period.

By prescribing recent advances in medicine, the Boston ministers modified the doctrine of theological pathogenesis in an attempt to maintain the old order according to which it was the clergy ’ s duty and privilege to interpret illnesses and their cures.

By the 1880s, Pissarro began to explore new themes and methods of painting in order to break out of what he felt was an artistic “ mire ”.

By his compromises in India with the Christians of St. Thomas, he developed the Jesuit missionary methods along lines that subsequently became a successful blueprint for his order to follow.

By 1943, after Italy faced multiple military failures, complete reliance and subordination of Italy to Germany, and Allied invasion of Italy, and corresponding international humiliation, Mussolini was removed as head of government and arrested by the order of King Victor Emmanuel III who proceeded to dismantle the Fascist state and declared Italy's switching of allegiance to the Allied side.

By the end of the 1990s, 11 fishing farms were registered in Guadeloupe and experiments are under way to catch and market fish in order to respond to growing demand.

By 1671 Fox had recovered and Margaret had been released by order of the King.

By sorting formulas according to the number of atoms of each element present in the formula according to these rules, with differences in earlier elements or numbers being treated as more significant than differences in any later element or number — like sorting text strings into lexicographical order — it is possible to collate chemical formulas into what is known as Hill system order.

By the time of Cicero he had become " the dark " ( Ancient Greek — ) because he had spoken nimis obscurē, " too obscurely ", concerning nature and had done so deliberately in order to be misunderstood.

By the 1226 Golden Bull of Rimini, Frederick had assigned the military order of the Teutonic Knights to complete the conquest and conversion of the Prussian lands.

By 1802 the Separatists had grown in number to about 12, 000 and the Württemberg government decided that they were a dangerous threat to social order.