By prevailing over other claimants for the loyalties of men, the nation-state maintained an adequate measure of certainty and order within its territorial borders.

By this scheme, pulling one signal to clear locks all the other switch and signal levers in safe positions until the first signal is again restored to normal.

By studying the track-signal diagrams you'll note several other details.

By using the appropriate version any one of these factors can be determined for any combination of the other three.

By submerging the patient in a tub and rotating the transducer while the scanning goes on, they have been able to get cross-section views of the neck, as shown in Fig. 7, as well as many other hitherto impossible insights.

By all means the most important distinction is that between those total-cost apportionments which superimpose a distribution of admittedly unallocable cost residues on estimates of incremental or marginal costs, and those other apportionments which recognize no difference between true cost allocation and mere total-cost distribution.

By leaving our doors open the United States gives other peoples the opportunity to see us and to compare, he said.

By the end of the third act, the artist is dead but the body lingers on, a shell among other shells.

By the tenth century two other forms can be distinguished namely Canaanite and Aramaic.

By 1850, Luanda was one of the greatest and most developed Portuguese cities in the vast Portuguese Empire outside Mainland Portugal, full of trading companies, exporting ( together with Benguela ) palm and peanut oil, wax, copal, timber, ivory, cotton, coffee, and cocoa, among many other products.

By a probably euphonic inversion the translator of Irenaeus and the other Latin authors have Abraxas, which is found in the magical papyri, and even, though most sparingly, on engraved stones.

By the time of Mesalim, whichever dynasty controlled the city of Kish was recognised as šar kiššati (= king of Kish ), and was considered preeminent in Sumer, possibly because this was where the two rivers approached, and whoever controlled Kish ultimately controlled the irrigation systems of the other cities downstream.

By 2009 with natural gas prices at a long-term low, Alberta's economy was in poor health compared to before, although still relatively better than many other comparable jurisdictions.

By the standards of 19th century tycoons, Carnegie was not a particularly ruthless man but a humanitarian with enough acquisitiveness to go in the ruthless pursuit of money ; on the other hand, the contrast between his life and the lives of many of his own workers and of the poor, in general, was stark.

By the 1950s, the development of civil jets grew, beginning with the de Havilland Comet, though the first widely-used passenger jet was the Boeing 707, because it was much more economical than other planes at the time.

By late 1983 it was clear that IBM's Token Ring would not be ready in time for the launch of the Mac, and might miss the launch of these other products as well.

By this time Colangelo and the other partners were embroiled in a dispute over the financial health and direction of the Diamondbacks ( and notably including over $ 150 million in deferred compensation to many players who were key members of the 2001 World Series winning team and others ).

By " art " we may frame several artistic " works " or " creations " as so though this reference remains within the institution or special event which creates it and this leaves some works or other possible " art " outside of the frame work, or other interpretations such as other phenomenon which may not be considered as " art ".

By the 1960s, as VFL clubs increasingly recruited the best players from other states, they began to dominate the competition and the last match was played in 1976, with North Adelaide being the last non-Victorian winner in 1972.

By comparison Whorf's other work in linguistics, the development of such concepts as the allophone and the cryptotype, and the formulation of " Whorf's law " in Uto-Aztecan historical linguistics, have met with broad acceptance.

By the time dBASE for Windows eventually shipped, the developer community had moved on to other products such as Clipper or FoxBase and dBASE never regained significant share of Ashton-Tate's former market.

By contrast most of the party's seats were won either due to the absence of a candidate from one of the other parties or in rural areas on the " Celtic fringe ", where local evidence suggests that economic ideas were at best peripheral to the electorate's concerns.

By absorbing other stars and merging with other black holes, supermassive black holes of millions of solar masses may form.

By the time he was prosperous enough -- his goals were high -- he was bald and afraid of women.

By 1914, around 100 people — men, women, and children — were living on Clipperton Island, resupplied every two months by a ship from Acapulco.

By the time her formal education ended in 1550, she was one of the best educated women of her generation.

By far the most important issue to counter-revolutionary women was the passage and the enforcement of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy in 1790.

By 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures ( including a point system from 1 to 15 ) had been agreed upon.

By law and Southern social convention, household heads were adult, white propertied males, and all white women and all African Americans were thought to require protection and guidance because they lacked the capacity for reason and self-control.

By the time the book on female sexuality was published, it appeared that Kinsey seemed to feel that women and men are more alike in the biology of their sexuality than he had previously thought, and that both men's and women's sexuality seemed shaped, not merely repressed, by social and cultural forces.

By the spring of 1864, 8, 000 Navajo men, women and children were forced to march or ride in wagons 300 miles ( 480 km ) from Fort Canby to Fort Sumner, New Mexico.

By traditional rules, women are most often told to occupy the rows behind the men.

* By unidentified women:

By 1912, the Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul recognized the need to offer greater opportunity through university education and adopted a progressive plan to establish a college for young women.

By 1986, for the first time since World War II, women students outnumbered men.

By 2010, 273 of the 1648 members of the Rabbinical Assembly were women.

By adopting this Responsum, the CJLS found itself in a position to provide a considered Jewish-law justification for its egalitarian practices, without having to rely on potentially unconvincing arguments, undermine the religious importance of community and clergy, ask individual women intrusive questions, repudiate the halakhic tradition, or label women following traditional practices as sinners.

By that time many, if not most, farming and fishing villages consisted of older persons ; relatively few able-bodied men and women remained to work in the fields or to fish.

By the 15th Century, pattens became popular by both men and women in Europe.

By May 1902, the last of the Boer troops surrendered mourning the deaths of 26, 000 mainly women and children who died in British internment.

By 1987, 31 % of the executive positions in the Sandinista government, 27 % of the leadership positions of the FSLN, and 25 % of the FSLN's active membership were women.

By the end of the century, women had as many rights as men in most parts of the world and not only did general society accept equal rights for members of other races but most people frowned at racism.

By the 1950s, in the United States, it had become rare for women to go into their wedding nights not knowing what to expect.

By 2000, consumption had fallen to 2, 092 per capita, corresponding to about 30 % of men and 22 % of women smoking more than 100 cigarettes per year, and by 2006 per capita consumption had declined to 1, 691 ; implying that about 21 % of the population smoked 100 cigarettes or more per year.

By the end of September, 14 women including Bridget Bishop and 5 men had been hanged.

By demanding that men take responsibility for the right of women to walk the streets in safety, New Zealand feminists deployed the rhetoric of white slavery to argue for women's sexual and social freedom.

By this estimate, 95 % of the population ( of roughly 13 million people, at the time ) remained with no vote, including all women.