By some estimates, this might account for most of the internal radiation damage, as the recoil nuclei are typically heavy metals which preferentially collect on the chromosomes.

By activating antithrombin III, enoxaparin preferentially potentiates the inhibition of coagulation factors Xa and IIa.

By modifying the compressed data directly without decoding and re-encoding, some editing of lossily compressed files without degradation of quality is possible.

By segregating an application into tiers, developers acquire the option of modifying or adding a specific layer, instead of reworking the entire application.

By adopting and modifying local ideologies, Scouting has been able to find acceptance in a wide variety of cultures.

By modifying the kinetic energy of the field, it is possible to produce Lorentz invariant field theories with excitations that propagate superluminally.

By making the process of modifying the game easier, UnrealScript helped enable the growth of a large modding community around Unreal.

By modifying a gene coding for spore color, the biologist can study crossing over and other phenomena.

By modifying the expansiveness of its circuit and the speed given it, and by changing the plane in which the bullroarer is whirled from horizontal to vertical or vice versa, the modulation of the sound produced can be controlled, making the coding of information possible.

By modifying the direction and extent of the movement, operators can select different focal planes which contain the structures of interest.

By contrast, Knowledge building is seen as creating or modifying public knowledge.

By modifying these values while monitoring the exhausts using a wide band lambda probe to see if the engine runs rich or lean, the tuner can find the optimal amount of fuel to inject to the engine at every different combination of RPM and throttle position.

By inserting separate, successive sections of V. cholerae DNA into the DNA of other bacteria, such as E. coli that would not naturally produce the protein toxins, researchers have investigated the mechanisms by which V. cholerae responds to the changing chemical environments of the stomach, mucous layers, and intestinal wall.

By comparing mitochondrial DNA which is inherited only from the mother, geneticists have concluded that the last female common ancestor whose genetic marker is found in all modern humans, the so-called mitochondrial Eve, must have lived around 200, 000 years ago.

By altering the DNA or transferring DNA to an animal, we can develop certain proteins that may be used in medical treatment.

By running DNA through an EtBr-treated gel and visualizing it with UV light, any band containing more than ~ 20 ng DNA becomes distinctly visible.

A reaction consisting of the histone octamers and a naked DNA template can be incubated together at a salt concentration of 2 M. By steadily decreasing the salt concentration, the DNA will equilibrate to a position where it is wrapped around the histone octamers, forming nucleosomes.

By changes in structure, specific proteins acquire the capability to enter the nucleus of the cell and bind to promoter DNA, or to other proteins that themselves are already bound to a given promoter.

By injecting DNA or mRNA into the oocyte or developing embryo, scientists can study the protein products in a controlled system.

By the end of the 20th century, DNA sequencing had become available as a method of large scale research on phylogenetic relationships.

By using intermediary ’ s the parasite DNA can spread to several hosts instead of remain concentrated within a single host, therefore promising a higher likelihood of DNA continuation.

By focussing on just a few of these highly variable minisatellites, DNA profiling made the system more sensitive, more reproducible, and amenable to computer databasing, and soon became the standard forensic DNA system used in criminal case work and paternity testing worldwide.

Although the Eradicator's effects ( altering the DNA of all Kryptonian life-forms so that they would instantly die upon leaving the planet ) were felt immediately, the Destroyer's effects were possibly more significant: By the time the Kryptonian government admitted defeat and abolished the clone banks, a pro-clone rights terrorist faction known as Black Zero had started the Destroyer, a device which functioned as a giant nuclear gun, projecting massive streams of nuclear energy into the core of Krypton, intended to trigger an explosive chain reaction within Krypton's core almost immediately.

By analysing descendants ' DNA, however, parts of ancestral genomes are estimated by scientists.

By the end of 1951 it was generally accepted at King's that the B form of DNA was a helix, but after she had recorded an asymmetrical image in 1952 May, Franklin became unconvinced that the A form of DNA was helical in structure.

By then he had ( by his own admission ) mastered the skills needed — in the era before DNA profiling — to leave minimal incriminating evidence at a crime scene.

By applying a molecular clock to the amount of mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence between the two, it was estimated that Troglodytes pacificus and Troglodytes troglodytes last shared a common ancestor approximately 4. 3 million years ago, long before the glacial cycles of the Pleistocene, thought to have promoted speciation in many avian systems inhabiting the boreal forest of North America.

By 1951, Randall had established a major effort to solve the structure of collagen and Wilkins and Franklin represented a parallel effort to determine the structure of DNA.

By managing all four populations as one-through strategic transfers, gene-loss is reduced from 8 % per decade to 2 % per decade, without any increase in bongo numbers in Kenya.

By managing the European and African populations as one-by strategic exports from Europe combined with in-situ transfers, gene-loss is reduced to 0. 72 % every 100 years with both populations remaining stable.

By the Himalayan tradition, phowa ( Tibetan ) is the discipline that transfers the mindstream to the intended body.

By 2005, Sony had relaxed the restrictions in its SonicStage software to allow unrestricted digital transfers to and from Hi-MD and the computer.

By 1860, he was working for wholesale grocers, for whom he handled freight transfers, especially dealing with railroads and steamboats.

* By a shared storage: the video server transfers the feeds on a shared storage which is accessible by all editors.

By carrying SCSI commands over IP networks, iSCSI is used to facilitate data transfers over intranets and to manage storage over long distances.

By the end of the twentieth century, nearly all long-distance transfers of soldiers were being done by air in military transport aircraft.

By making further transfers, passengers and freight can eventually reach Western European seaports.

By the end of 1980, the quality of transfers had improved.

By a simple procedure, transfers allow a weak take-out contract ( following an opening 1NT ) in a major suit to be played by the opening ( i. e. the stronger ) hand thus concealing the tenaces in that hand.

By the late 1950s and 1960s, these cheap package holidays — which combined flight, transfers and accommodation — provided the first chance for most people in the United Kingdom to have affordable travel abroad.

By late 1979 Hatch was the one legislator most interested in land transfers.

Among these transfers were Alan Plotkin as a general producer, the team of Barry O ' Brien and Cheryl Alu as co-executive producers, co-producer Michael J. Morris, and Scott Spencer Gorden, who had been executive story consultant during Perfect Strangers final two seasons, and whom continued in the same role on Getting By.