By keeping the objectives simple, the recruitment indiscriminate, and the mood optimistic, Green leaders succeeded in provoking a sense among the peasants that they could actually make a significant dent in Communist power.

By 1664, however, English ships had begun provoking Dutch ships, and the English invaded the Dutch colony of New Netherland in North America on 24 June 1664, and had control of it by October.

By virtue of Article II of the Treaty of Union, which defined the succession to the throne of Great Britain, the Act of Settlement became part of Scots Law as well.

By the early 5th century Britain had been Roman for over three hundred and fifty years.

By the Victorian era, ballad had come to mean any sentimental popular song, especially so-called " royalty ballads ", which publishers would pay popular singers to perform in Britain and the United States in " ballad concerts.

By contrast, the British press were jubilant ; many newspapers sought to portray the battle as a victory for Britain over anarchy, and the success was used to attack the supposedly pro-republican Whig politicians Charles James Fox and Richard Brinsley Sheridan.

By Dr. Patrick E McGovern, University of Pennsylvania archaeochemist and colleagues from China, Great Britain and Germany.

By 2005 the CIRA was believed to be an established presence on the island of Great Britain with the capability of launching attacks.

By 1910, the profession, " chemical engineer ", was already in common use in Britain and the United States.

" By 1967, critics were suggesting that the programme no longer reflected life in 1960s Britain, but reflected how life was in the 1950s.

By 410, Britain was effectively told to look after its own affairs and expect no aid from Rome.

By the time of Honorius ’ s death in 423, Britain, Spain and large parts of Gaul had effectively passed into barbarian control.

By 1850 the German states were catching up, and by 1900 Germany was a world leader in industrialization, along with Britain and the United States.

By the Treaty of Paris ( signed that September ), Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States.

By the year 500, the Anglo-Saxons were in Britain, and the Burgundians were in the Rhône valley.

By 1900 Germany was a world leader in industrialization, along with Britain and the United States.

By 1913, American and German exports dominated the world steel market, as Britain slipped to third place.

By the 1890s, German colonial expansion in Asia and the Pacific ( Kiauchau in China, the Marianas, the Caroline Islands, Samoa ) led to frictions with Britain, Russia, Japan and the United States.

By late 1944, the United States, Canada, France, and Great Britain were closing in on Germany in the West, while the Soviets were closing from the East.

By the mid 1890s, the Golden Dawn was well established in Great Britain, with membership rising to over a hundred and including every class of Victorian society.

By the end of 1946, the Communist Democratic Army of Greece had been formed, pitted against the governmental National Army, which was backed first by Britain and after 1947 by the United States.

By 1815, Britain became the principal power in the Indian Ocean.

In the early 1980s, Jarmusch was part of a revolving lineup of musicians in Robin Crutchfield's Dark Day project, and later became the keyboardist and one of two vocalists for The Del-Byzanteens, a No Wave band whose sole LP Lies to Live By was a minor underground hit in the United States and Britain in 1982.

By 1980 the firm had operations in southern Africa, Australia, China, Great Britain, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, as well as the United States, and employed 37, 000 people.

By the time he reached Britain, he had accepted the doctrines of evangelical Christianity.

By August 1809, diplomatic relations with Britain deteriorated as minister David Erskine was withdrawn and replaced by " hatchet man " Francis James Jackson ; Madison however, resisted calls for war.

By the 1960s the school was building a vast publishing and research network reaching across France, Europe, and the rest of the world.

By the early 1990s, commercial flights connected Comoros with France, Mauritius, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Madagascar.

By 1653, both France and Spain had recognised England's new government.

By 1632, Acadia was returned from Scotland to France under the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and the Port Royale settlement was moved to the site of nearby present-day Annapolis Royal.

By 1898 Georges Méliès was the largest producer of fiction films in France, and from this point onwards his output was almost entirely films featuring trick effects, which were very successful in all markets.

By 1909 after the failure of a syndicalist general strike in France, Sorel and his supporters left the radical left and went to the radical right, where they sought to merge militant Catholicism and French patriotism with their views-advocating anti-republican Christian French patriots as ideal revolutionaries.

By late July, the spirit of popular sovereignty had spread throughout France.

By the Treaty of Campo Formio, he ceded the left bank of the Rhine to France in exchange for Venice and Dalmatia.

By the beginning of the Civil War, Austria-Hungary, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland had recognized Finnish independence.

By 1798, relations with France had deteriorated to the point that war seemed imminent, and on July 4, 1798, President Adams offered Washington a commission as lieutenant general and Commander-in-chief of the armies raised or to be raised for service in a prospective war.

By the 18th century, the term had gained its now common usage in France, and had begun to be used to refer purely to books of magic, which Owen Davies presumed was because " many of them continued to circulate in Latin manuscripts.

By this time, however, trade with the European continent had spread this outbreak of plague to France, where it died out the following winter.

By the Treaty of Paris of 1814 Sweden ceded Guadeloupe once more to France.

By the 18th century, however, Geneva had come under the influence of Catholic France, which cultivated the city elite, who tended to be at odds with the ordinary townsfolk – to the point that an abortive revolution took place in 1782.

By 1880, Germany had 9, 400 locomotives pulling 43, 000 passengers and 30, 000 tons of freight a day, and forged ahead of France.

By these means he consolidated a system of absolute monarchical rule in France that endured until the French Revolution.

* Sessions, Jennifer E. By Sword and Plow: France and the Conquest of Algeria ( Cornell University Press ; 2011 ) 352 pages

By comparison, this proportion reached only 17 per cent in Wallonia, barely 10 per cent in most West European countries, 16 per cent in France and 25 per cent in England.

By 1880, Germany had 9, 400 locomotives pulling 43, 000 passengers and 30, 000 tons of freight, and pulled ahead of France

By the beginning of 1429, nearly all of northern France and some parts of the southwest were under foreign control.

By January 1944, Germany had diplomatic relations with only a handful of countries: Argentina, Ireland, Vichy France, the Salo Republic in Italy, Occupied Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Croatia, Bulgaria, Switzerland, the Holy See, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Thailand, Japan, and the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo and the Wang Jingwei regime in China.

By 1913 the French and British had plans in place for joint naval action against Germany, and France moved its Atlantic fleet from Brest to Toulon, replacing British ships.

By 1750 ninety pastors had been sent back to France to work clandestinely ; this number would rise to four hundred.