By the 1540s, however, pistol-armed cavalry called reiters were beginning to make their mark.

By the 1540s Indians along the coast of Florida, where many of the Spanish treasure ships wrecked, were diving on the wrecks and recovering significant amounts of gold and silver.

By the charter renewal in 1781 it was also the bankers ' bank – keeping enough gold to pay its notes on demand until 26 February 1797 when war had so diminished gold reserves that the government prohibited the Bank from paying out in gold.

By the 2000s, after years when gangsters ruled a thriving illegal drug trade, urban renewal began.

By the time he reached Aswan, a telegram had reached there to confirm the renewal of his funding.

By the 1970s Basque had reached the point where any further reduction in the number of Basque speakers would have not guaranteed the necessary generational renewal and it is now recognised that the language would have disappeared in only a few more decades.

By 15 January 1919, the rebellious Polish forces managed to take control of most of the Province of Posen, and engaged in heavy fighting with the regular German army and the forces of the Grenzschutz, up until the renewal of the truce between the Entente and Germany on 16 February, which affected the Wielkopolska or Posen Province part of the front line.

By November support for the renewal of protests and the revival of the Conservative's fortunes had both been reduced, with Labour retaking a poll lead.

By the late 1980s, urban renewal was in full swing with the trendy set.

By the end of the seventh season, faced with sagging ratings, ABC conditioned the show's renewal on a drastic budget reduction.

By Loew's, Inc .-US Copyright renewal record at the Library of Congress website

By the late 1940s the jazz scene began moving elsewhere around the city and urban renewal took hold of the street.

By the time of World War II, anti-submarine weapons had been developed somewhat, but during that war, there was a renewal of all-out submarine warfare by Germany as well as widespread use of submarines by most of the other combatants.

By combining nanotechnology with landscape ecology, a habitat landscape can be nanofabricated on-chip by building a collection of nanofabricated bacterial habitats, and connecting them by corridors in different topological arrangements and with nano-scale channels providing them with the local ecosystem service of habitat renewal.

By this time, however, federal money available for urban renewal had declined and the city was no longer able to fund the renewal of Washington Square West.

By the end of 2004, and after refusing all Benfica's contract renewal proposals, Šokota was relegated to Benfica B, the club's reserve squad, where he eventually played for the rest of the 2004-05 season.

By utilizing Armide, Gluck challenged the long-standing and apparently inviolable ideals of French practice, and in the process he revealed these values capable of renewal through " modern " compositional sensitivities.

By establishing an orderly process for franchise renewal, the act protected cable operators from unfair denials of renewal.

Two if By Sea Broadcasting attempted to purchase the station in 1993, but its application was tied up in a license renewal dispute between Astroline and Shurberg Broadcasting, in which Shurberg alleged that Astroline had misrepresented itself as a minority broadcaster in order to purchase the station.

The Astroline-Shurberg dispute continued even after an administrative law judge approved WHCT's license renewal and the sale to Two if By Sea in 1999, as Shurberg raised concerns about that company's qualifications.

By the Treaty of Ilbersheim, signed 7 November 1704, Bavaria was placed under Austrian military rule, allowing the Habsburgs to utilise its resources for the rest of the conflict.

By definition, where a director enters into a transaction with a company, there is a conflict between the director's interest ( to do well for himself out of the transaction ) and his duty to the company ( to ensure that the company gets as much as it can out of the transaction ).

By the end of this conflict, Commodore had shipped somewhere around 22 million C64s — making the C64 the best selling computer of all time.

By the 19th century, Romantic critics valued Hamlet for its internal, individual conflict reflecting the strong contemporary emphasis on internal struggles and inner character in general.

By principle, originalists are generally unwilling to defer to precedent when precedent seems to come into conflict with the Constitution.

By the time the civil conflict ended and the government of New Granada and the government of the Isthmus had negotiated the Isthmus's reincorporation to the union, Panama's First Republic had been free for 13 months.

By the end of his pontificate, Honorius had ended the conflict between Louis and his bishops.

By agreement reached at the Peace of Venice in 1177 the bitter conflict between Alexander III and Emperor Frederick I was brought to an end.

By the time the 27-year conflict was formally brought to an end, an estimated 500, 000 people had been killed.

By this action, the First Punic War begins and will embroil Rome in a conflict with Carthage that will continue for 23 years.

By AD 1200, these early groups ( dubbed Montgomery Indians by later archaeologists ) were increasingly drawn into conflict with the Senecas and Susquehannocks who had migrated south from Pennsylvania and New York.

By the end of the conflict he had risen to the rank of major-general and was a noted friend and supporter of Oliver Cromwell.

By 1755, a new European conflict was brewing, the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle being but a sort of truce.

By that time, white immigrants and settlers had begun to encroach on Mojave lands, and sometimes got into violent conflict with the indigenous people, who tried to protect their territory.

By late medieval reasoning, the city of Orléans had escalated the conflict and forced the use of violence upon the English, so a conquering lord would be just in exacting vengeance upon its citizens.

By the Treaty of Corbeil, signed in May 1258, he ended his conflict with Louis IX of France, securing the renunciation of French claims to sovereignty over Catalonia.

By doing so, he came into conflict with High King Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill whose power base was the Province of Meath.

By 1955 effective political action groups within the Algerian colonial community succeeded in convincing many of the governors general sent by Paris that the military was not the way to resolve the conflict.

By the time of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, approximately 3. 8 million rifles had been delivered to the Russian army, though not many were used during the conflict.

By the time of Custer's expedition to the Black Hills in 1874, the level of conflict and tension between the U. S. and many of the Plains Indians tribes ( including the Lakota Sioux and the Cheyenne ) had become exceedingly high.

By the agreement, the defeated French were allowed to evacuate their troops from Portugal without further conflict.

By decision and order dated June 21, 2002, the trial court held that the subject lands were ceded to Great Britain in the 1764 treaties of peace and that the subject lands were not owned by the Seneca at the time of the 1794 Treaty of Canandaigua and that New York State's purchase of them in 1815 was intended to avoid conflict with the Senecas over land it already owned.

By the late 1960s, Crystal City would become the location of continued activism in the civil rights movement among its Mexican-American majority population, and the birthplace of the third party political movement known as La Raza Unida Party founded by three Chicanos, including José Ángel Gutiérrez over a conflict about the ethnicity of cheerleaders at Crystal City High School.

By the time of the hostage-taking, the conflict in the embattled republic was killing an average of three federal troops daily.