By the 1830s mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology had emerged with world class science, led by Alexander von Humboldt ( 1769 – 1859 ) in natural science and Carl Friedrich Gauss ( 1777 – 1855 ) in mathematics.

By the 1830s the majority of Jews in Ukraine, Galicia, and central Poland were Hasidic, as were substantial minorities in Belarus, Hungary and

By the 1830s, the aquatint process was largely superseded by lithography.

By the 1830s the Westminster system of government ( or cabinet government ) had emerged ; the Prime Minister had become " primus inter pares " or the first among equals in the Cabinet and the head of government in the United Kingdom.

By the 1790s, however, most joined one of the two new parties, and by the 1830s parties had become accepted as central to the democracy.

By the 1820s and 1830s, well-known liberals like Thomas Wakley and other radical editors of The Lancet were using Paley's aging examples to attack the establishment's control over medical and scientific education in Durham, London, Oxford and Cambridge.

By the 1830s, the foundations of Czech literature were laid and authors now began to focus more on the artistic merits of their work and less on developing the idea of Czech literature and culture as a whole.

By the 1830s, railroads on several continents were carrying containers that could be transferred to other modes of transport.

By the 1830s piracy had died out again, and the navies of the region focused on the slave trade.

By 2002, the royal tour and associated fêtes for the Queen's Golden Jubilee proved popular with Canadians across the country, though Canada's first republican organization since the 1830s was also founded that year.

By the late 1830s Clay County had grown to the extent that the first Courthouse could no longer provide adequate facilities.

By the 1830s, large areas of Bermuda had been denuded by the shipbuilding industry.

By the 1830s most of the Native Americans were displaced by white settlers.

By the 1830s Demopolis had developed into a regional commercial river hub, attracting American and European-born craftsmen and merchants including the Beysiegle, Breitling, Breton, Dupertuis, Foster, Hummell, Kirker, Knapp, Marx, Michael, Mulligan, Oberling, Rhodes, Rudisill, Rosenbaum, Schmidt, Shahan, Stallings, and Zaiser families.

By the 1830s, this settlement numbered about 200, and was the birthplace of the chief Coacoochee ( known in English as " Wild Cat ").

By the 1830s, Bayou Teche was the main street of Acadiana, with one plantation after another.

By the 1830s, the Native Americans had been moved west, and Richland was a thriving frontier village.

By the mid 1830s, the settlement boasted saw mills, a grist mill, a cotton mill and a quarry as well as a dock to facilitate commerce.

By the 1830s the village contained only eight dwellings.

By the 1830s the Muskingum Valley had long been settled, and local leaders created a plan to improve the Muskingum River for use as a source of power.

By the time a post office was established in the 1830s, the community had taken the name of " Crossville.

By the 1830s mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology had emerged with world class science, led by Alexander von Humboldt ( 1769 – 1859 ) in natural science and Carl Friedrich Gauss ( 1777 – 1855 ) in mathematics.

By the 1830s migrating Boers came into conflict with the Zulu Kingdom then ruled by Dingane.

By the early 1830s his paper had earned the nickname " The Thunderer ", with Robert Peel declaring it to be " a powerful advocate of Reform " and his colleague Lord Lyndhurst describing Barnes as " the most powerful man in the country.

By the 1830s, Banks Peninsula had become a European whaling centre – to the detriment of the Māori, who succumbed in large numbers to disease and inter-tribal warfare exacerbated by the use of muskets.

By 1840 the fashion in Europe and Britain shifted away from the formerly very popular beaver felt hats and prices for furs rapidly declined and the trapping almost ceased.

By 1805 most of the local beaver had been exterminated.

By early May 1827 Smith and his party had accumulated over 1500 pounds of beaver ; getting these furs to the mountain man rendezvous near Great Salt Lake was clearly a problem.

" By the late 1820s, prompted the Niitsitapiksi, and in particular the Piikani, whose territory was rich in beaver, temporarily put aside cultural prohibitions and environmental constraints to trap enormous numbers of these animals and, in turn, receive greater quantities of trade items ".

By 1810 another crisis hit the fur industry, brought on by the over-harvesting of animals, the beaver in particular.

By 1820, the company was issuing coinage, each coin representing the value of one beaver pelt.

By the time Johnson arrived, their population had collapsed to only 580, due to infectious disease introduced by Europeans and warfare with competing tribes related to the lucrative beaver trade.

By 1830, however, fashions changed and beaver hats were replaced by silk hats, ending the demand for expensive American furs.

By November, the Tyger had been filled with pelts of beaver, otter, and other skins obtained in barter.

By the 1580s, beaver " wool " was the major starting material of the French felt-hatters.

By contrast, while The Trouble with Tracy at least represented a sincere attempt on CTV's part, many Canadian radio stations during the same era were responding to the new Canadian content regulations by burying Canadian music in obscure time slots known as " beaver hours ".

By 1840, as it was becoming clear that the fur trade was dying due both to a change in fashion preferences and the overtrapping of beaver, Meek decided to join fellow trappers Caleb Wilkins and Robert Newell in Oregon.

By 2058, Trees for Life ’ s long-term plan will see Dundreggan restored to a wild landscape of diverse natural forest cover, with the return of species including red squirrel, capercaillie, golden eagle and European beaver.

By 1844, Red Bank had become a commercial and manufacturing center, focused on textiles, tanning, furs, and other goods for sale in Manhattan.

By the 1580s, French trading companies had been set up, and ships were contracted to bring back furs.

By placing the Red River Colony astride the trade routes used by the NWC coureurs des bois, Selkirk could cut off the easy flow of furs.

By 1623, the new Dutch West India Company regularly traded for furs there and ten years later they fortified it for protection from the Pequot Indians as well as from the expanding English colonies.

By the 18th century, regional patterns of development had become clear: the New England colonies relied on shipbuilding and sailing to generate wealth ; plantations ( many using slave labor ) in Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas grew tobacco, rice, and indigo ; and the middle colonies of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware shipped general crops and furs.

By depleting furs in the Snake River country and underselling the American Fur Company at the annual Rocky Mountain Rendezvous, the HBC effectively ruined American fur trading efforts in the Rocky Mountains.

By the mid eighteenth century, they were siphoning off most of the best furs before they could reach the Hudson's Bay trading posts further inland, sparking tension between the rival companies.