By the late 1980s, the cellular industry's subscriber base had grown into the millions across America and it became necessary to add channels for additional capacity.

By the 1980s, many of Balsall Heath's houses were in a dilapidated condition, some were still without bathrooms or indoor toilets.

Boroughs proliferated in the suburban areas of the larger cities: By the 1980s there were 19 boroughs and three cities in the area that is now the City of Auckland.

By the 1980s many colleges had recognised a community need for computer training and since then thousands of people have been up-skilled through IT courses.

By the 1980s, several independent publishers, such as Pacific, Eclipse, First, Comico, and Fantagraphics had started releasing a wide range of styles and formats — from color superhero, detective, and science fiction comic books to black-and-white magazine-format stories of Latin American magical realism.

By the late 1980s, the personal computer market had become dominated by the IBM PC and Apple Macintosh platforms.

By the end of the 1980s, the economy had made a healthy recovery, which weakened in the 1990s due to a decrease in banana prices.

By the 1980s, widely popular drummers like Billy Cobham, Carl Palmer, Nicko McBrain, Phil Collins, Stewart Copeland and perhaps most notably Neil Peart were using large numbers of drums and cymbals and had also begun using electronic drums.

By the 1980s, the economic viability of the islands was in doubt, but after the Falklands War there was a new commitment from the United Kingdom government.

By the 1970s and 1980s, true female heroes started to emerge on the pages of comics.

By the late 1940s, Oral Roberts was well known, and he continued with faith healing until the 1980s.

By the 1980s, the original Gumby shorts had enjoyed a revival, both on television and home video.

By the end of the 1980s, Hackman alternated between leading and supporting roles, earning another Best Actor nomination for Mississippi Burning.

By the late 1980s Solidarity, a Polish reform movement, became crucial in causing a peaceful transition from a communist state to the capitalist system and parliamentary democracy.

By the 1980s, though, as living standards increased, many instruments that were once too expensive to buy could be bought by the Taiwanese in preference to the harmonica.

In the early 1980s, Jarmusch was part of a revolving lineup of musicians in Robin Crutchfield's Dark Day project, and later became the keyboardist and one of two vocalists for The Del-Byzanteens, a No Wave band whose sole LP Lies to Live By was a minor underground hit in the United States and Britain in 1982.

By the early 1980s, the radical experiments of early 1970s-era fusion gave way to a more radio-friendly sounds of smooth jazz.

By the early 1980s, the Bakkers had built Heritage USA in Fort Mill, South Carolina, ( south of Charlotte ), then the third most successful theme park in the US, and a satellite system to distribute their network 24 hours a day across the country.

By the 1970s and 1980s the sport had expanded beyond Japan and had reached North America and Europe.

By the end of the 1980s, membership had fallen to just over 6, 000, 000 — little more than half the level of a decade earlier — and it also counted against the Labour Party's hopes of regaining power, as its relationship with the trade unions had traditionally been seen as a strength but after the Winter of Discontent it was seen as a liability.

By the 1980s, financiers grew increasingly confident in the musical genre, partly buoyed by the relative health of the musical on Broadway and London's West End.

By the early 1980s the postmodern movement in art and architecture began to establish its position through various conceptual and intermedia formats.

By the 1980s, many mainframes supported graphical terminals, and terminal emulation, but not graphical user interfaces.

By the early 1980s, quantities of 68000 CPUs could be purchased for less than $ 30 USD per part.

By the late 1980s, the 68000 was inexpensive enough to power home game consoles, such as Sega's Mega Drive ( Genesis ) console.

By the early 2000s ( decade ), however, the university quietly reexamined its position on accreditation as degree mills proliferated and various government bureaucracies, such as law enforcement agencies, began excluding BJU graduates on the grounds that the university did not appear on appropriate federal lists.

By March 2009, Porsche SE was aiming for its first ever credit ratings from U. S. rating agencies Standard & Poor's and Moody's.

By this time, agencies were starting to pay for as well control a model's publicity.

By the 1950s the term investment had been co-opted by financial brokers and their advertising agencies to promote speculation.

By the 1920s, the various benefits were administered by three different federal agencies: the Veterans Bureau, the Bureau of Pensions of the Interior Department, and the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers.

By enacting these various forms of legislative direction, Congress established a category for annual budgetary amounts of assistance to victims of various types of hazards or disasters, it specified the qualifications, and then it established or delegated the responsibilities to various federal and non-federal agencies.

By statute or by judicial expansion of the writ of mandamus in most of the U. S. states, acts of administrative agencies are now subject to judicial review for abuse of discretion.

By his own account, consultation between state government agencies spread his reputation from Tennessee to other states, and further assignments followed.

By 1950, support for major areas of research had already become dominated by specialized agencies such as the National Institutes of Health ( medical research ) and the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission ( nuclear and particle physics ).

By 1980, this number had grown to more than 1, 000. International agencies and government departments were also emerging as major innovators in appropriate technology, indicating its progression from a small movement fighting against the established norms to a legitimate technological choice supported by the establishment.

By contrast, printers, publishers, advertising agencies and law firms tend not to specifically require a degree.

By 1934, the executive branch consisted of sixty-nine boards, commissions, and agencies in addition to the constitutional officers, although the members of these commissions were often the constitutional officers themselves.

By 1999 it had acquired one of the largest agencies, Tony Stone Images ; the online art seller Art. com ; the sports photography agency Allsport ; the journalistic specialists Liaison Agency ; Newsmakers the first digital news photo agency ; Online USA, a specialist in celebrity shots ; and the Hulton Picture Library, the former archive of the British photojournalistic magazine Picture Post.

The review article " Taking the Pulse of Forensic Anthropology in Canada " states that “ By 2006, it was clear that forensic anthropology and its specializations had grown a great deal in terms of training and practice ; however, forensic anthropology remained university-based with few anthropologically trained individuals placed in death investigative agencies or in hospital settings.

By Bredesen ’ s fourth year in office, Tennessee had passed four balanced budgets, received top rankings from national bond rating agencies and raised its Rainy Day Fund to a record high.

Bills listed as " The Speaker ( By Request of Administration )", " The President ( By Request of Administration )", " Minority Leader ( By Request of Administration )", or " Committee Chair ( By Request of Department )" are bills proposed by the Governor and his agencies and are not proposals of the Speaker of the House, the President of the Senate, the Minority Leader, or the respective Committee Chair.

By the end of 1992 all foreign aid agencies had withdrawn from Huambo.

By doing so they accomplished their goal of forcing Hedin against his conscience to write his book Amerika im Kampf der Kontinente in collaboration with the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda and other government agencies and to publish it in Germany in 1942.

By this time Operation Mockingbird had a major influence over 25 newspapers and wire agencies.

By requiring agencies to complete an EIS, the act encourages them to consider the environmental costs of a project and introduces new information into the decision-making process.

By the 1960s, he had become a producer for several prominent advertising agencies in New York City.