By the late 1980s, the cellular industry's subscriber base had grown into the millions across America and it became necessary to add channels for additional capacity.

By the 1980s, many of Balsall Heath's houses were in a dilapidated condition, some were still without bathrooms or indoor toilets.

Boroughs proliferated in the suburban areas of the larger cities: By the 1980s there were 19 boroughs and three cities in the area that is now the City of Auckland.

By the 1980s many colleges had recognised a community need for computer training and since then thousands of people have been up-skilled through IT courses.

By the 1980s, several independent publishers, such as Pacific, Eclipse, First, Comico, and Fantagraphics had started releasing a wide range of styles and formats — from color superhero, detective, and science fiction comic books to black-and-white magazine-format stories of Latin American magical realism.

By the late 1980s, the personal computer market had become dominated by the IBM PC and Apple Macintosh platforms.

By the end of the 1980s, the economy had made a healthy recovery, which weakened in the 1990s due to a decrease in banana prices.

By the 1980s, the economic viability of the islands was in doubt, but after the Falklands War there was a new commitment from the United Kingdom government.

By the 1970s and 1980s, true female heroes started to emerge on the pages of comics.

By the late 1940s, Oral Roberts was well known, and he continued with faith healing until the 1980s.

By the 1980s, the original Gumby shorts had enjoyed a revival, both on television and home video.

By the end of the 1980s, Hackman alternated between leading and supporting roles, earning another Best Actor nomination for Mississippi Burning.

By the late 1980s Solidarity, a Polish reform movement, became crucial in causing a peaceful transition from a communist state to the capitalist system and parliamentary democracy.

By the 1980s, though, as living standards increased, many instruments that were once too expensive to buy could be bought by the Taiwanese in preference to the harmonica.

In the early 1980s, Jarmusch was part of a revolving lineup of musicians in Robin Crutchfield's Dark Day project, and later became the keyboardist and one of two vocalists for The Del-Byzanteens, a No Wave band whose sole LP Lies to Live By was a minor underground hit in the United States and Britain in 1982.

By the early 1980s, the radical experiments of early 1970s-era fusion gave way to a more radio-friendly sounds of smooth jazz.

By the early 1980s, the Bakkers had built Heritage USA in Fort Mill, South Carolina, ( south of Charlotte ), then the third most successful theme park in the US, and a satellite system to distribute their network 24 hours a day across the country.

By the 1970s and 1980s the sport had expanded beyond Japan and had reached North America and Europe.

By the end of the 1980s, membership had fallen to just over 6, 000, 000 — little more than half the level of a decade earlier — and it also counted against the Labour Party's hopes of regaining power, as its relationship with the trade unions had traditionally been seen as a strength but after the Winter of Discontent it was seen as a liability.

By the 1980s, financiers grew increasingly confident in the musical genre, partly buoyed by the relative health of the musical on Broadway and London's West End.

By the early 1980s the postmodern movement in art and architecture began to establish its position through various conceptual and intermedia formats.

By the 1980s, many mainframes supported graphical terminals, and terminal emulation, but not graphical user interfaces.

By the early 1980s, quantities of 68000 CPUs could be purchased for less than $ 30 USD per part.

By the late 1980s, the 68000 was inexpensive enough to power home game consoles, such as Sega's Mega Drive ( Genesis ) console.

By the end of his life Huxley was widely acknowledged as one of the pre-eminent intellectuals of his time and respected as an important researcher into visual communication and sight-related theories as well.

The largest species are red alder ( A. rubra ) on the west coast of North America, and black alder ( A. glutinosa ), native to most of Europe and widely introduced elsewhere, both reaching over 30 m. By contrast, the widespread Alnus viridis ( green alder ) is rarely more than a 5 m tall shrub.

By the late nineteenth century, baseball was widely recognized as the national sport of the United States.

By the turn of the century, cycling clubs flourished on both sides of the Atlantic, and touring and racing became widely popular.

By choosing widely separated keys, one could employ one dimple as a ' shift ' key to allow both letters and numbers to be produced.

By the 200s BC, the crossbow () was well developed and quite widely used in China.

By 1978, it was widely practiced by members of the group.

By the eighteenth century, Chianti was widely recognized as a red wine, but the exact composition and grape varieties used to make Chianti at this point is unknown.

By 1910 the turbine had been widely adopted by all navies for their faster ships.

By the 1930s, the five-line cinquain verse form became widely known in the poetry of the Scottish poet William Soutar.

By the coming of the Age of Enlightenment, however, Erasmus increasingly returned to become a more widely respected cultural symbol and was hailed as an important figure by increasingly broad groups.

By 2005 the process was being used for products ranging from orange juice to guacamole to deli meats and widely sold.

By the end of the 20th century, most handguns carried regularly by military, police and civilians were semi-automatic, although revolvers were still widely used.

By the 7th century the feast of her conception was widely celebrated in the East, under the name of the Conception ( active ) of Saint Anne.

By the end of the 15th century was widely professed and taught in many theological faculties, but such was the influence of the Dominicans, and the weight of the arguments of Thomas Aquinas ( who had been canonised in 1323 and declared " Doctor Angelicus " of the Church in 1567 ) that the Council of Trent ( 1545 – 63 )— which might have been expected to affirm the doctrine — instead declined to take a position.

By 1866 it had already become a widely popular gambling game in Houston, Texas, under the name ' Keno '.

By 1952 a theologian such as Ludwig Ott could, in a widely used and well-regarded manual, openly teach the possibility that children who die unbaptised might be saved for heaven — though he still represented their going to limbo as the commonly taught opinion.

By the end of WWII all forces had widely introduced unguided rockets using HEAT warheads as their major anti-tank weapon ( see Panzerfaust, Bazooka ).

By extension, the term " manichean " is widely applied ( often disparagingly ) as an adjective to a philosophy or attitude of moral dualism, according to which a moral course of action involves a clear ( or simplistic ) choice between good and evil, or as a noun to people who hold such a view.

By interviewing widely, oral historians seek points of agreement among many different sources, and also record the complexity of the issues.

By the 13th century, tanka had become the dominant form of Japanese poetry, and it is still widely written today.

By circa 1980 the use of a " record changer ", which might scuff up or otherwise damage the discs, was widely disparaged, so the " turntable " emerged triumphant and retained its position to the end of the 20th Century and beyond.

By the start of the 20th century it became widely popular throughout North America and was listened and danced to, performed, and written by people of many different subcultures.

By modern times, both the war and the city were widely believed to be non-historical.