By the late 1980s, the cellular industry's subscriber base had grown into the millions across America and it became necessary to add channels for additional capacity.

By the 1980s, many of Balsall Heath's houses were in a dilapidated condition, some were still without bathrooms or indoor toilets.

Boroughs proliferated in the suburban areas of the larger cities: By the 1980s there were 19 boroughs and three cities in the area that is now the City of Auckland.

By the 1980s many colleges had recognised a community need for computer training and since then thousands of people have been up-skilled through IT courses.

By the 1980s, several independent publishers, such as Pacific, Eclipse, First, Comico, and Fantagraphics had started releasing a wide range of styles and formats — from color superhero, detective, and science fiction comic books to black-and-white magazine-format stories of Latin American magical realism.

By the late 1980s, the personal computer market had become dominated by the IBM PC and Apple Macintosh platforms.

By the end of the 1980s, the economy had made a healthy recovery, which weakened in the 1990s due to a decrease in banana prices.

By the 1980s, widely popular drummers like Billy Cobham, Carl Palmer, Nicko McBrain, Phil Collins, Stewart Copeland and perhaps most notably Neil Peart were using large numbers of drums and cymbals and had also begun using electronic drums.

By the 1980s, the economic viability of the islands was in doubt, but after the Falklands War there was a new commitment from the United Kingdom government.

By the 1970s and 1980s, true female heroes started to emerge on the pages of comics.

By the late 1940s, Oral Roberts was well known, and he continued with faith healing until the 1980s.

By the 1980s, the original Gumby shorts had enjoyed a revival, both on television and home video.

By the end of the 1980s, Hackman alternated between leading and supporting roles, earning another Best Actor nomination for Mississippi Burning.

By the late 1980s Solidarity, a Polish reform movement, became crucial in causing a peaceful transition from a communist state to the capitalist system and parliamentary democracy.

By the 1980s, though, as living standards increased, many instruments that were once too expensive to buy could be bought by the Taiwanese in preference to the harmonica.

In the early 1980s, Jarmusch was part of a revolving lineup of musicians in Robin Crutchfield's Dark Day project, and later became the keyboardist and one of two vocalists for The Del-Byzanteens, a No Wave band whose sole LP Lies to Live By was a minor underground hit in the United States and Britain in 1982.

By the early 1980s, the radical experiments of early 1970s-era fusion gave way to a more radio-friendly sounds of smooth jazz.

By the early 1980s, the Bakkers had built Heritage USA in Fort Mill, South Carolina, ( south of Charlotte ), then the third most successful theme park in the US, and a satellite system to distribute their network 24 hours a day across the country.

By the 1970s and 1980s the sport had expanded beyond Japan and had reached North America and Europe.

By the end of the 1980s, membership had fallen to just over 6, 000, 000 — little more than half the level of a decade earlier — and it also counted against the Labour Party's hopes of regaining power, as its relationship with the trade unions had traditionally been seen as a strength but after the Winter of Discontent it was seen as a liability.

By the 1980s, financiers grew increasingly confident in the musical genre, partly buoyed by the relative health of the musical on Broadway and London's West End.

By the early 1980s the postmodern movement in art and architecture began to establish its position through various conceptual and intermedia formats.

By the 1980s, many mainframes supported graphical terminals, and terminal emulation, but not graphical user interfaces.

By the early 1980s, quantities of 68000 CPUs could be purchased for less than $ 30 USD per part.

By the late 1980s, the 68000 was inexpensive enough to power home game consoles, such as Sega's Mega Drive ( Genesis ) console.

By tradition, a red wine should be served at approximately room temperature -- if anything a little cooler -- and be aged enough for the tannin and acids to have worked out and the sediment have settled well.

The largest species are red alder ( A. rubra ) on the west coast of North America, and black alder ( A. glutinosa ), native to most of Europe and widely introduced elsewhere, both reaching over 30 m. By contrast, the widespread Alnus viridis ( green alder ) is rarely more than a 5 m tall shrub.

By volume, the red blood cells constitute about 45 % of whole blood, the plasma about 54. 3 %, and white cells about 0. 7 %.

By contrast, curry powders and pastes produced and consumed in India are extremely diverse ; some red, some yellow, some brown ; some with five spices and some with as many as 20 or more.

By the eighteenth century, Chianti was widely recognized as a red wine, but the exact composition and grape varieties used to make Chianti at this point is unknown.

By far the most common and widespread species of fox is the red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ), although various species are found on almost every continent.

* 1502 10 July – By a Royal Warrant passed in Toledo by Isabella I of Castile, Gibraltar was granted its coat of arms: " An escutcheon on which the upper two thirds shall be a white field and on the said field set a red castle, and below the said castle, on the other third of the escutcheon, which must be a red field in which there must be a white line between the castle and the said red field, there shall be a golden key which hangs by a chain from the said castle, as are here figured ".

By 1913, the yellow brick factory had been demolished and on the site a new 5-story structure of reinforced concrete and red brick had been built.

By using an appropriate combination of red, green, and blue intensities, many colors can be displayed.

* By contrast, if two cards are drawn without replacement from a deck of cards, the event of drawing a red card on the first trial and that of drawing a red card on the second trial are again not independent.

Charles Darwin's theory of how evolution works (" By Means of Natural Selection ") is explicitly competitive (" survival of the fittest "), Malthusian (" struggle for existence "), even gladiatorial (" nature, red in tooth and claw ").

By the time of the grant of armorial bearings by the College of Arms to Somerset County Council in 1911, a ( red ) dragon had become the accepted heraldic emblem of the former kingdom.

* By the early 1960s, vivid colors in the magenta range became available, and as a result many become aware that magenta, yellow, and cyan make better primary pigments than red, blue, and yellow.

By the closing decades of the 19th century, textiles, paints, and other commodities in colors such as red, crimson, blue, and purple had become affordable.

By the time this image was taken on January 19, 2004, the scars had begun to fade in areas, though the scars in Central Portugal and across the border in Spain are still dark red in the false-color image.

By hiring a licensed and experienced investigator they could unearth information that the investment is risky and or that the investor has suspicious red flags in his or her background.

By 1956, Mao was becoming bored with the day-to-day running of the state and also worried about growing red tape and bureaucracy.

By convention, the X axis direction is colored red, the Y axis green and the Z axis blue.

By 1935, recognizing the limitations of her " lovely red Vega " in long, transoceanic flights, Earhart contemplated, in her own words, a new " prize ... one flight which I most wanted to attempt – a circumnavigation of the globe as near its waistline as could be.

By May 9 the following year, 2, 695 designs were submitted and the committee reported back with a recommendation " that the national flag of Canada should be the Canadian red ensign with a maple leaf in autumn golden colours in a bordered background of white ".

By 1920, the workforce had been brought back up to strength and the stone quarries at Woolton, source of the red sandstone for most of the building, reopened.

By early 2009, the red Canal streetcars were repaired and had taken over service on the Canal and Riverfront Lines.