By 1991 the country was completely transformed into a modern industrialized state.

By 1991 the communist governments of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania, all of which had been imposed after World War II, were brought down as revolution swept Eastern Europe.

By 1991 there were enough African Esperantists to warrant a pan-African congress.

By 1991, it was relatively easy to produce gram-sized samples of fullerene powder using the techniques of Donald Huffman, Wolfgang Krätschmer and Konstantinos Fostiropoulos.

By 1991 President Callejas had achieved modest success in controlling inflation.

By 1991 the public-sector deficit was entirely financed with net external credit.

* Passing By: Selected Essays, 1962 – 1991 ( 1992 )

By summer 1991, Dahmer was murdering approximately one person each week.

By 1991, Bacon began to give up the idea of playing leading men in big-budget films and to remake himself as a character actor.

By 1991, it appeared to many that SGML would be limited to commercial and data-based applications while WYSIWYG tools ( which stored documents in proprietary binary formats ) would suffice for other document processing applications.

By the end of 1991, however, two years before the termination of the plan, no quantitative plan targets had been made public, an indication that the plan has not fared well.

By November 1990, only four months later, the 5th Battalion had deployed and in early 1991 the 21st Guards Battalion had also been formed, four staff courses had been run, support weapons and logistics training was well advanced ( indeed a logistics battalion deployed as early as July 1990 ) and an operational test exercise had been conducted.

By 1991, economic and political turmoil were beginning to boil over, as the Baltic republics chose to secede from the Union.

In the US, the new novels Moscow Club ( 1991 ) by Joseph Finder, Masquerade ( 1996 ) by Gayle Lynds, and The Unlikely Spy ( 1996 ) by Daniel Silva, and in the UK, A Spy By Nature ( 2001 ) by Charles Cumming and Remembrance Day ( 2000 ) by Henry Porter, maintained the spy novel in the post – Cold War world.

By 1991, the Shining Path had control of much of the countryside of the center and south of Peru and had a large presence in the outskirts of Lima.

By December 1991, that Association had received reports of 60 common graves and had investigated 15 of them.

By 1991 heavy use of mineral fertilizers and agricultural chemicals was a major cause of pollution in the republic.

By 1991 Microsoft added TrueType into the Windows 3. 1 operating system.

By coincidence, the last palindrome year ( 1991 ) was also a common year starting on Tuesday.

By 1991, the newly formed band had signed a recording contract with Virgin Records and enlisted the help of several drummers / percussionists ( Jim Keltner, Michael Urbano and Phil Jones ), issuing their first album, Cracker, in 1992.

By the end of the decade, Hughes ' realised his ongoing drug problem was derailing him, and by 1991 a clean, sober and fully rejuvenated Hughes returned with the vocal for the hit " America: What Time Is Love?

By 1991, Sesame Street and its songwriters had received eight Grammys.

By 1991, US arcade video game revenues had fallen to $ 2. 1 billion.

By the beginning of 1991, the government controlled only 10 percent of Afghanistan, the eleven year Siege of Khost had ended in a mujahideen victory and the morale of the Afghan military finally collapsed.

By the 2004 season the Diamondbacks had dropped to a dismal 51 – 111 record, the worst in Major League Baseball and one of the 10 worst records in the modern era, despite Johnson pitching a perfect game on May 18 of that season.

By the 1961 Formula One season, the Lotus and Ferrari teams had developed the mid-engined approach further than Cooper.

By the start of the 1996 season, Fitzroy was almost at the end of its financial tether.

By the middle of the dry season, the intertropical convergence zone moves south of Chad, taking the rain with it.

By the 19th century, the season for celery had been extended, to last from the beginning of September to late in April.

By the end of the season, the rookie quarterback had rewritten the record book in Charlotte and many more in the NFL ( including most passing yards by a rookie with 4, 051, previously held by Peyton Manning with 3, 739 ; and most rushing touchdowns by a QB with 14 ).

By the end of the 1993 season, the team was in transition, leaving Cleveland Stadium and fielding a talented nucleus of young players.

By his second season, Howe was paired with Sid Abel and Ted Lindsay to form what would become one of the great lines in NHL history – the " Production Line ".

By the next Broadway season, he was the star of his own show about a young man who is drafted called Let's Face It !.

By the 1907 – 1908 season, Hellas was playing against regional teams and an intense rivalry with Vicenza Calcio that lasts to this day was born.

By the end of the season, he had performed so well that the league made him the unanimous choice for Rookie of the Year.

By the end of the season, the Wizards held a record of 16 – 7 – 9, the best in the league.

By the end of season, they were third to last in the league standings.

By the 1971 – 72 season, Dalglish had become established in the Celtic first team.

By the end of his first season with Liverpool, Dalglish had played 62 times and scored 31 goals, including the winning goal in the 1978 European Cup Final final at Wembley against Bruges.

By the last game of the season, both Blackburn and Manchester were in contention for the title.

By 1860 a dozen steamers were operating in the high water season along the Murray and its tributaries.

By this time up to thirty steamers and a similar number of barges were working the river in season.

By the end of the 1969 season, the Pilots were almost out of money, and it was obvious they would not survive long enough to move into their new stadium without new ownership.

By winning their first 13 games, the Saints also set the record for the longest undefeated season opening ( 13 – 0 ) by an NFC team since the AFL – NFL merger, surpassing the previous record ( 12 – 0 ) held by the 1985 Chicago Bears.

By the end of the following winter ball season, Brooklyn was one of several major league clubs seeking to sign Clemente.

By then, Clemente was on firm footing ; he never again dipped below. 319 and would finish the season at. 329, good for a second consecutive NL batting crown and his third in five years.

By the end of the 2005 season, Clemens had won seven Cy Young Awards ( he won the AL award in 1986,,,,, and, and the National League award in ), an MVP and two pitching triple crowns.

By the third season, ratings were continually declining, and the threat of cancellation loomed over Star Trek: Enterprise.