By 1991 the country was completely transformed into a modern industrialized state.

By 1991 the communist governments of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania, all of which had been imposed after World War II, were brought down as revolution swept Eastern Europe.

By 1991 there were enough African Esperantists to warrant a pan-African congress.

By 1991, it was relatively easy to produce gram-sized samples of fullerene powder using the techniques of Donald Huffman, Wolfgang Krätschmer and Konstantinos Fostiropoulos.

By 1991 President Callejas had achieved modest success in controlling inflation.

By 1991 the public-sector deficit was entirely financed with net external credit.

* Passing By: Selected Essays, 1962 – 1991 ( 1992 )

By summer 1991, Dahmer was murdering approximately one person each week.

By 1991, Bacon began to give up the idea of playing leading men in big-budget films and to remake himself as a character actor.

By 1991, it appeared to many that SGML would be limited to commercial and data-based applications while WYSIWYG tools ( which stored documents in proprietary binary formats ) would suffice for other document processing applications.

By the end of 1991, however, two years before the termination of the plan, no quantitative plan targets had been made public, an indication that the plan has not fared well.

By November 1990, only four months later, the 5th Battalion had deployed and in early 1991 the 21st Guards Battalion had also been formed, four staff courses had been run, support weapons and logistics training was well advanced ( indeed a logistics battalion deployed as early as July 1990 ) and an operational test exercise had been conducted.

By 1991, economic and political turmoil were beginning to boil over, as the Baltic republics chose to secede from the Union.

In the US, the new novels Moscow Club ( 1991 ) by Joseph Finder, Masquerade ( 1996 ) by Gayle Lynds, and The Unlikely Spy ( 1996 ) by Daniel Silva, and in the UK, A Spy By Nature ( 2001 ) by Charles Cumming and Remembrance Day ( 2000 ) by Henry Porter, maintained the spy novel in the post – Cold War world.

By 1991, the Shining Path had control of much of the countryside of the center and south of Peru and had a large presence in the outskirts of Lima.

By the 1991 season, the Cowboys finished with an 11-5 record and made the playoffs for the first time in six years.

By December 1991, that Association had received reports of 60 common graves and had investigated 15 of them.

By 1991 heavy use of mineral fertilizers and agricultural chemicals was a major cause of pollution in the republic.

By 1991 Microsoft added TrueType into the Windows 3. 1 operating system.

By coincidence, the last palindrome year ( 1991 ) was also a common year starting on Tuesday.

By the end of the decade, Hughes ' realised his ongoing drug problem was derailing him, and by 1991 a clean, sober and fully rejuvenated Hughes returned with the vocal for the hit " America: What Time Is Love?

By 1991, Sesame Street and its songwriters had received eight Grammys.

By 1991, US arcade video game revenues had fallen to $ 2. 1 billion.

By the beginning of 1991, the government controlled only 10 percent of Afghanistan, the eleven year Siege of Khost had ended in a mujahideen victory and the morale of the Afghan military finally collapsed.

By 1987 Ethernet was clearly winning the standards battle over Token Ring, and in the middle of that year Apple introduced EtherTalk 1. 0 for the newly released Macintosh II computer.

By the 18th century an increasing number of new plants had arrived in Europe from newly discovered countries and the European colonies worldwide and a larger number of plants became available for study.

By threatening to withdraw his troops, William in February 1689 convinced a newly chosen Convention Parliament to make him and his wife joint monarchs.

By 1918 it became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, and remained so until 1941, apart from a brief period of six months in 1920 when Skopje was controlled by the Yugoslav Communist Party.

By December 1838, he had noted a similarity between the act of breeders selecting traits and a Malthusian Nature selecting among variants thrown up by " chance " so that " every part of newly acquired structure is fully practical and perfected ".

By 1918, there were about five million people in the army and the fledgling Royal Air Force, newly formed from the Royal Naval Air Service ( RNAS ) and the Royal Flying Corps ( RFC ), was about the same size of the pre-war army.

By 1850, it became clear that the Capitol could not accommodate the growing number of legislators arriving from newly admitted states.

By the mid 1970s the majority of newly married American couples had experienced sex before marriage.

By the early 1930s, increasing public interest in the countryside, coupled with the growing and newly mobile urban population, was generating increasing friction between those seeking access to the countryside and landowners.

By the end of the 18th century, many of the nobility had declined in their economic power relative to the newly prosperous middle class.

By claiming to be Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, the younger son of King Edward IV, one of the Princes in the Tower, Warbeck was a significant threat to the newly established Tudor Dynasty, and gained support outside England.

By 2011, the school was ready for new quarters, moving into the newly renovated Muir Hall at Fort Leavenworth on 30 August 2011.

By preferentially modifying hemimethylated DNA, DNMT1 transfers patterns of methylation to a newly synthesized strand after DNA replication, and therefore is often referred to as the ‘ maintenance ' methyltransferase.

By convention, naming rights for newly discovered chemical elements go to their discoverers.

By the Carinthian Plebiscite in October 1920, the main area of the duchy formed the Austrian state of Carinthia, a small southeastern part ( the present-day region of Slovenian Carinthia ) was included into the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

By conquest the first leaders of the Polans, Mieszko I and especially Boleslaw I added a number of surrounding territories to the newly established core Polish state, and Lebus Land or Lubusz in Lusatia came under Polish rule.

By the 12th century, more organized groups such as the Waldensians and Cathars were beginning to appear in the towns and cities of newly urbanized areas.

By contrast, where monasteries had provided grammar schools for older scholars, these were commonly refounded with enhanced endowments ; some by royal command in connection to the newly re-established cathedral churches, others by private initiative.

By 1972, the Nathan Hale Council became Nathan Hale District, but the camp still enjoyed keeping the name Nahaco in the newly formed Long Rivers Council.

By evening, the Red Cross had pitched tents in front of Meissner School to house the newly homeless citizens.

By 1893, the downtown area of St. Louis Park had three hotels and many newly arrived companies surrounded the downtown.

By 1899, a water plant built by Cornelius S. DeBraun provided service to an expanding number of houses that were constructed along newly laid streets.

By 1837, the residents of Wayne found themselves in Manchester Township in the newly formed Passaic County.

By 1800, Liberty — then called Liberty Spring — was included in the newly formed Pendleton District, which included most of modern-day Anderson, Oconee, and Pickens Counties.