By the Edict of Villers-Cotterets ( 1539 ) it was decreed that the langue d ' oïl ( Northern French ) should be used for all French administration.

By May 1576 the crown was forced to accept the terms of Alençon, and the Huguenots who supported him, in the Edict of Beaulieu, known as the Peace of Monsieur.

with the Edict of Milan, and Christianity was made the official religion of the empire in 380 C. E .. By the eighth century Christianity had attained a clear ascendancy across Europe and neighboring regions, and a period of consolidation began marked by the pursuit of heretics, heathens, Jews, Muslims, and various other religious groups.

By the terms of the Peace of Alais, the Huguenots lost their territorial, political and military rights, but retained the religious freedom granted by the Edict of Nantes.

By the end of Diocletian's reign in 305, the Edict was for all practical purposes ignored.

By the summer, events had outpaced the Edict.

By 1954 ACE's forces consisted of Allied Forces Northern Europe, at Oslo, Allied Forces Central Europe ( Fontainebleau ), Allied Forces Southern Europe ( Paris / Naples ) and Allied Forces Mediterranean at Malta.

By fall, 443 survivors of this arduous journey were clustered about Fort Snelling, but most of them were sent on to Galena and St. Louis, with a few going as far as Vevay, Indiana, a notable Swiss center in the United States.

By the 13 June, the Imperial Field Commander, Prince Louis of Baden, had joined them in Großheppach.

By the mid-20th century, François Louis Ganshof's Feudalism, 3rd ed.

By that time, planters outnumbered buccaneers and, with the encouragement of Louis XIV, they had begun to grow tobacco, indigo, cotton, and cacao on the fertile northern plain, thus prompting the importation of African slaves.

By mid-1860, he was playing in such cities as New York ; Boston ; Chicago ; Cleveland ; St. Louis ; Columbus, Georgia ; Montgomery, Alabama ; and New Orleans.

By a final placitum issued there, Louis gave Bavaria to Louis the German and disinherited Pepin II, leaving the entire remainder of the empire to be divided roughly into an eastern part and a western.

By the All-Star Break, the Brewers were in 2nd place in the division, behind Pittsburgh and St. Louis.

By the beginning of 1384, Mary was engaged to Louis of France, who had been destined to marry her older sister Catherine and whose uncle was the Duke of Anjou.

By September 2007 the North Pole had been visited 66 times by different surface ships: 54 times by Soviet and Russian icebreakers, 4 times by Swedish Oden, 3 times by German RV Polarstern, 3 times by USCGC Healy and USCGC Polar Sea, and once by CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent and by Norwegian Vidar Viking.

By the end of his pontificate, Honorius had ended the conflict between Louis and his bishops.

By the time the Antipope Christopher ( 903 – 904 ) seized the chair of Saint Peter by force, circumstances had changed at Rome, with the rise of the magister militum Theophylact, Count of Tusculum, who had been stationed at Rome by the retreating emperor Louis the Blind in 902.

By 1855, Joseph's son, Louis, and his brother-in-law, Claudius Prat, were producing Noilly Prat dry vermouth in Marseillan, Hérault.

By 1785, Rococo had passed out of fashion in France, replaced by the order and seriousness of Neoclassical artists like Jacques Louis David.

By the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Frederick V's son, Charles Louis was restored to the Lower Palatinate, and given a new electoral title, also called " Elector Palatine ", but lower in precedence than the other electorates.

By deferring to France, Baldwin II was not submitting Jerusalem to the suzerainty of France, rather was placing the moral guardianship of the Outremer with the West for its survival, reminding Louis VI that the Outremer was, to some extent, Frankish lands.

By 1960 a St. Louis, Missouri, HVAC company, Albert Arno, Inc., trademarked the name " Ductape " for their " flame-resistant " duct tape, capable of holding together at 350 – 400 ° F ( 175 – 200 ° C ).

By the end of the 19th century, some French organists ( e. g., Charles-Marie Widor and his students Charles Tournemire and Louis Vierne ) named some of their organ compositions symphony: Their instruments ( many built by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll ) allowed an orchestral approach ( Kaye 2001 ; Smith 2001 ; Thomson 2001 ).

By Karl Bodmer, aquatint made at Saint Louis, Missouri in March or April 1833 when Massika pleaded for the release of Chief Blackhawk following the Black Hawk War.

By an ordinance of Louis Philippe I of France of 13 August 1830, it was decided that the king's children ( and his sister ) would continue to bear the arms of Orléans, that Louis-Philippe's eldest son, as Prince Royal, would bear the title of duc d ' Orléans, that the younger sons would continue to have their existing titles, and that the sister and daughters of the king would only be styled " princesses d ' Orléans ", which meant the Orléans royalty did not take the name " of France ".

By the end of the Napoleonic Wars, France no longer held the role of the dominant power in Europe, as it had since the times of Louis XIV.

By Spring 1646, his father was losing the war, and Charles left England due to fears for his safety, going first to the Isles of Scilly, then to Jersey, and finally to France, where his mother was already living in exile and his first cousin, eight-year-old Louis XIV, was king.

By 1678, Louis sought peace with the Dutch Republic.

* French — Burguet, Paul Henry: The Imprint, or The Red Hand ( 1908 ; Gaston Séverin plays Pierrot ); Carné, Marcel: Children of Paradise ( 1945 ; see above under The Pantomime of Deburau at the Théâtre des Funambules ); Carré fils, Michel: The Prodigal Son a. k. a. Pierrot the Prodigal ( 1907 ; the first feature-length film and the first film of a stage-play Carré's pantomime of 1890 ; George Wague plays Pierrot père ); Feuillade, Louis: Pierrot's Projector ( 1909 ), Pierrot, Pierrette ( 1924 ); Guitry, Sacha: Deburau ( 1951 ; based upon Guitry's own stage-play # Plays, playlets, pantomimes, and revues | Plays, playlets, pantomimes, and revues above ); Guy, Alice: Pierrot, Murderer ( 1904 ); Leprince, René: Pierrot Loves Roses ( 1910 ); Méliès, Georges: By Moonlight, or The Unfortunate Pierrot ( 1904 ).

By the Treaty of Vienna ( November 1738 ), Stanisław was compensated for the loss of his Polish throne with the duchy of Lorraine, which would eventually pass to King Louis as his son-in-law, while Duke Francis III of Lorraine was made heir to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany as compensation for the loss of Lorraine.

By coming down solidly on the side of Spanish interests, in part because Gregory XIV was elected due to the influence of the Spanish cardinals, the recent papal policy of trying to maintain a balance between Spain and France was abandoned.

By the late 18th century, the Bastille had come to separate the more aristocratic quarter of Le Marais in the old city from the working class district of the faubourg Saint-Antoine that lay beyond the Louis XIV boulevard.

By 1680 the disputed County of Montbéliard ( lying between Franche-Comté and Alsace ) had been separated from the Duchy of Württemberg, and by August Louis XIV had secured the whole of Alsace with the exception of Strasbourg.

By forcibly taking the Imperial city the French now controlled two of the three bridgeheads over the Rhine ( the others being, Breisach which was already in French hands, and Philippsburg, which Louis XIV had lost by the Treaty of Nijmegen ).

By 1693 the French army had reached an official size of over 400, 000 men ( on paper ), but Louis XIV was facing an economic crisis.

By the terms of the Treaty of Ryswick, Louis XIV kept the whole of Alsace, including Strasbourg.

By the Treaty of Stettin ( 1630 ) however, Bogislaw XIV had also effectively handed over control of the duchy to Sweden, who refused to give in to the Brandenburgian claim.

By late July the German units had been reinforced, principally by elements of two further divisions ( 1st Parachute Division and 29th Panzergrenadier Division ) and a corps headquarters ( XIV Panzer Corps ) under General der Panzertruppe Hans-Valentin Hube, bringing the number of German troops to around 70, 000.

By the end of the Civil War, the regiment had fought in 22 major engagements, including Chattanooga, Chickamauga, Murfreesboro, and Atlanta as a part of BG King's Brigade of Johnston's Division, XIV Army Corps of the Army of the Cumberland.

* By order of Louis XIV, till the time that the young Duke of Anjou reaches his majority ( 1723 ) the kingdom would be governed by the Duke of Maine, bâtard légitimé de France.

By the brief Dominus ac Redemptor ( 21 July 1773 ) Pope Clement XIV suppressed the Society of Jesus.

By the death of King Louis XIV, in 1715, the Chapel Royal had a total of 110 singers ( sopranos, castrati, haute-contres, tenors, baritones and bass ) and 20 instrumentalists ( violin and viola, bass violin, theorbo, flute, oboe, bass cromorne, serpent and bassoon )

By moving through the possessions of Münster and Cologne and a few other French allies, the army of Louis XIV, led by Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé and Turenne was able to pass through the Spanish Netherlands and bypass the Dutch defense in the south and invade the Dutch from the east in June.

By 67, the province was secure enough to allow Legio XIV Gemina to be withdrawn, but inactivity, and the lack of opportunities for booty, led to mutinies among the legions that remained.

By 1687, the fragile ceramic tiles had deteriorated to such a point that Louis XIV ordered the demolition of the pavilion and its replacement with one made of stronger material.

* By Design: A brief history of the Public Works Department Ministry of Works 1870-1970 by Rosslyn J. Noonan ( 1975, Crown Copyright ) Appendix XIV, The Raurimu Spiral by J. H. Christie ( pages 312-315 ).

By this time, units from Maj. Gen. Jefferson C. Davis's XIV Corps began to arrive on the field.

By the death of Louis XIV there were several hundred of them at Versailles, and within a generation they had taken an infinity of forms: columns, tripods, termini and mythological figures.

By May of 1671, she had not only met with Louis XIV, but had obtained letters of patent from him which secured the viability of her community in New France.

By relocating to Versailles Louis effectively avoided the dangers of Paris ( in his youth, Louis XIV had suffered during the civil and parliamentary insurrection known as the Fronde ), and could also keep his eye closely on the affairs of the nobles and play them off against each other and against the newer noblesse de robe.

By relocating the French royal court to Versailles in the 1680s, Louis XIV further modified the role of the nobles.