By seeking close alliances with powerful noble families, Alexios put an end to the tradition of imperial exclusivity and coopted most of the nobility into his extended family and, through it, his government.

By encouraging countries to keep wastes within their boundaries and as close as possible to its source of generation, the internal pressures should provide incentives for waste reduction and pollution prevention.

By 03: 00, after more than three hours of close quarter combat, Majestic had lost its main and mizzen masts while Tonnant was a dismasted hulk.

By 1927, Pasternak's close friends Vladimir Mayakovsky and Nikolai Aseyev were advocating the complete subordination of the Arts to the needs of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

By 1340, Cairo had a population of close to half a million, making it the largest city west of China.

By 1942, with the war industries booming and the draft in operation, need declined and Congress voted to close the program.

By 1534 the Spanish crown had determined to split the region in two parallel lines, forming the governorship of " Nueva Castilla " ( from the 1 ° to the 14 ° latitude, close to Pisco ), and that of " Nueva Toledo " ( from the 14 ° to the 25 ° latitude, in Taltal, Chile ), assigning the first to Francisco Pizarro and the second to Diego de Almagro.

By 1618 Elbląg had left the Hanseatic League owing to its close business dealings with England.

By then the textile industry had started its decline ; only one factory, Veneta, managed to continue into the 1960s, when it also had to close its doors.

By the close of Baker's administration in 1868, The Society's wealth was probably $ 2 million.

By the close, England had struggled to just 6 for 1, still 221 behind Australia.

By neglecting to do this, the letter allowed good people to close their ears and their hearts .</ p >

By exposing the Avars ' close ties to Persia, once again the Ten Tribes of the Dulo clan entered into alliance with Byzantium.

By the time his close friends Christof and Luise Spengemann and their son Walter were arrested by the Gestapo in August 1936 the situation had clearly become perilous.

By 1933, however, the continued operation of the school was untenable ( it was raided by the Gestapo in April ), and in July of that year, Mies and the faculty voted to close the Bauhaus.

By the close of " Bloody Week ", some 20, 000 communards have been killed and 38, 000 arrested.

By 2009, 27 coffee shops selling cannabis in Rotterdam, all within 200 metres from schools, must close down.

By the close of the twentieth century, the finite phosphate supplies were fast running out.

By the close of the Permian, trilobites and a host of other marine groups became extinct.

By 1935, the school was about to close because of its poor financial condition.

By comparison, in a general topological space, given sets A, B it is meaningful to say that a point x is arbitrarily close to A ( i. e., in the closure of A ), or perhaps that A is a smaller neighborhood of x than B, but notions of closeness of points and relative closeness are not described well by topological structure alone.

By 1948, the house's load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure.

By the close of the Ancien Régime, it was organised into provinces.

By the close of 1868, Mussorgsky had already started and abandoned two important opera projects — the antique, exotic, romantic tragedy Salammbô, written under the influence of Alexander Serov's Judith, and the contemporary, Russian, anti-romantic farce Marriage, influenced by Alexander Dargomyzhsky's The Stone Guest.

By the close of the tenth plenary session in December 1988, the Communist Party was forced, after strikes, to approach leaders of Solidarity for talks.

The album's title song received some pop radio airplay and crossed over to No. 96 on the Billboard Hot 100, and " 1974 ( We Were Young )" and " Saved By Love " also charted as Adult Contemporary songs.

By 1974, another challenge to the state's authority and legitimacy had come from 19 April Movement ( M-19 ), a mostly urban guerrilla group founded allegedly in response to an electoral fraud during the final National Front election of Misael Pastrana ( 1970 – 1974 ) and the defeat of former dictator Gustavo Rojas.

By 1975 signatories to the 1974 Declaration of Ayacucho, of which Colombia was one, had decided on limitations to nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons.

By the 1970s, the idea that the game had been created solely by Charles Darrow had become popular folklore: it was printed in the game's instructions and even in the 1974 book The Monopoly Book: Strategy and Tactics of the World's Most Popular Game by Maxine Brady.

By 1970, Dot had become an all-country label and in 1974, Paramount sold all of its record holdings to ABC Records, which in turn was sold to MCA ( now Universal Music Group ) in 1979.

By 1974, the scene's top act, Dr. Feelgood, was paving the way for others such as The Stranglers and Cock Sparrer that would play a role in the punk explosion.

By 1974, Joseph A. Scirrotto Jr. designed the silver wings took on a white outline, and this style on a kelly green helmet became standard for over two decades.

By some estimates, his personal wealth soared to US $ 400 million in 1974.

* The Law to Improve Occupational Old Age Pensions ( 1974 ), which extended coverage of occupational pensions whilst also “ co-ordinating them more closely with state pensions and setting minimum standards as regards benefit levels and the preservation of pension rights .” By 1976, as a result of this legislation, 65 % of private sector employees were covered by occupational schemes and over two-thirds of these workers were eligible for benefits equal to more than 15 % of their earnings at retirement.

By the end of the colonial administration in 1974, 30 percent of Timorese were practicing Roman Catholics while the majority continued to worship spirits of the land and sky.

By 1974, Elton John had a hit single (# 4 in the U. S. and # 14 in the U. K .) with " The Bitch Is Back ", in which he says " bitch " repeatedly.

By 1974, three times as much was paid out in rent subsidies as in 1969, and nearly one and a half million households received rental assistance.

By 1974, the AEC's regulatory programs had come under such strong attack that Congress decided to abolish the agency.

By 1974, the AEC's regulatory programs had come under such strong attack that Congress decided to abolish the agency.

By early 1974, as a result of this Keynesian economic strategy, unemployment had fallen to under 550, 000.

By April 1974, ELP were on top of the bill during the California Jam Festival, pushing co-stars Deep Purple to second billing.

By the end of 1974, ELP were just about tied with Led Zeppelin as the highest grossing live band in the world.

By 1974, the Directory of the D. C. Federation of Musicians listed 39 vibraphone players and 3 vibraharp players.

By the time ' La Stupenda ' appeared there in 1974, one year after the opening of the theatre, the company was a leading repertory company with a large chorus and a roster of experienced Australian principals supplemented by guest singers and conductors.

By summer 1974, it grew into an absolute phenomenon with high school students and housewives, scoring remarkable ratings among the 12-34 age demographic.

By 1974, construction was completed on KLPI-FM, and the radio station began broadcasting at 10 watts.

By early June 1974, the WFL claimed they had some 60 NFL players under contract.

By July 1974, the Vietnamese leadership had decided to set the victory year to 1975, instead of 1976 as originally planned, because they believed an earlier Vietnamese unification would put Vietnam in a stronger position against Chinese and Soviet influence in the region.

By 1975, the population had zoomed to 86, 686, nearly 2, 000 more than official 1974 projections.