By the end of the spring of 1961, assuming that a general business recovery gets under way, interest rates should begin to edge upward again, depending upon the vigor of the recovery and the determination with which the monetary authorities move to restrain credit availability.

By the end of the nineteenth century, in 1893, when the Big Three, Columbia, and Penn were populous centers of learning, Dartmouth graduated only sixty-nine.

By the end of the century the Roman Catholic Church was beginning to make itself felt, mainly through such institutions as hospitals but also through its attitude towards organized labour.

By the end of the third act, the artist is dead but the body lingers on, a shell among other shells.

By the end of 1863, at Lincoln's direction, General Lorenzo Thomas had recruited 20 regiments of blacks from the Mississippi Valley.

By the end of his life Huxley was widely acknowledged as one of the pre-eminent intellectuals of his time and respected as an important researcher into visual communication and sight-related theories as well.

By the end of the 14th century, most of Anatolia was controlled by various Anatolian beyliks.

By the end of 2010, Armenia ’ s external debt is projected to form about 42 percent of GDP, and 50 percent in 2012.

By the end of the reign of Naram-Sin's son, Shar-kali-sharri ( 2217 – 2193 BC ), the empire had weakened.

By seeking close alliances with powerful noble families, Alexios put an end to the tradition of imperial exclusivity and coopted most of the nobility into his extended family and, through it, his government.

By the end of the novel, the elite cavalry wing is led by a dashing young warrior prince named Artos, whom Sutcliff postulates to be the real Arthur.

By the end of Andronikos II's reign, much of Bithynia was in the hands of the Ottoman Turks of Osman I and his son and heir Orhan.

By now, the war is nearing its end and the German Army is retreating.

By the end of the book, Paul realizes that he no longer knows what to do with himself and decides that he has nothing more to lose.

By the end of the twentieth century " Negro " had come to be considered inappropriate and was rarely used and perceived as a pejorative.

By the end of the 18th century there were no factories or mills and only a few small cottage industries along the border with Zurich.

By the end of 1898, Western pilgrims started coming to Akka on pilgrimage to visit ` Abdu ' l-Bahá ; this group of pilgrims, including Phoebe Hearst, was the first time that Bahá ' ís raised up in the West had met ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.

By the end of 2013, a total of 461 km of high-speed lines are expected to be built.

By the end of 1865, almost 100 clubs were members of the NABBP.

By the end of the game, the ball would be dark with grass, mud, and tobacco juice, and it would be misshapen and lumpy from contact with the bat.

By convention, the top strand is written from the 5 ' end to the 3 ' end ; thus, the bottom strand is written 3 ' to 5 '.

By the end of the 16th century, Bethlehem had become one of the largest villages in the District of Jerusalem, and was subdivided into seven quarters.

By the end of his sole rule ( AD 14 ), Augustus had expanded the empire to the line of the Danube river, which was to remain its central / eastern European border for its entire history ( except for the occupation of Dacia 105-275 ).

The money was devoted largely to developing “ technical advice on the conduct of defoliation and anti-crop activities in Southeast Asia .” By the end of fiscal year 1962, the Chemical Corps had let or were negotiating contracts for over one thousand chemical defoliants.

By the spring of 1522, Norfolk was almost 80 years of age and in failing health.

By 1522, ships from other major sea powers such as England, France, and the Netherlands began to arrive at Isla de la Mona to replenish supplies for their transatlantic voyages.

By Christina of Denmark ( c. 1522 – c. 1590 ; married in 1541 )

By 1522, Joan Boscà was working as a tutor to Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba.

By 1522 almost every block of the mausoleum had been removed.

By 1522, it had its third vicar.

By the early 20th century, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia had achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire, but large parts of their ethnic populations remained under Ottoman rule.

By the 18th century, the Ottoman Empire was driven out of Hungary, and Austria brought the empire under central control.

By May 1683 the Ottoman threat to Emperor Leopold I's capital, Vienna, was very real.

By the time of Çelebi's arrival, many of towns visited were impacted by the Cossack-and the only lacality he reported safe was the Ottoman fortress at Arabat.

By the 1870s, the Sublime Porte's reforms aimed at checking the Ottoman Empire's disintegration had clearly failed.

By the late 1800's, the nation had become weak, and had been reduced to its present day size due to the encroachment of rival imperial powers such as the Ottoman Turks, the British, and the Russians.

By this time, the Ottoman Empire was a significant and accepted part of the European political sphere.

By the late 18th century, a number of defeats in several wars with Russia led some people in the Ottoman Empire to conclude that the reforms of " Deli Petro " ( Peter the Mad, as Peter the Great was known in Turkey ) had given the Russians an edge, and the Ottomans would have to keep up with Western technology in order to avoid further defeats.

By the mid-19th century, the Ottoman Empire was called the " sick man " by Europeans.

By the 14th century the Ottoman Empire's prosperity made manuscript works available to merchants and craftsmen, and produced a flowering of miniatures that depicted pagentry, daily life, commerce, cities and stories, and chronicled events.

By 1516, he was again at sea as a ship's captain in the Ottoman fleet.

By 1541, the entire Balkan peninsula and most of Hungary became Ottoman provinces.

By 1544, a peace between Francis I and Charles V had put a temporary end to the alliance between France and the Ottoman Empire.

By the 18th century, however, dhimmis frequently attended the Ottoman Muslim courts, where cases were taken against them by Muslims, or they took cases against Muslims or other dhimmis.

The number of wounded was 763, 753 and POWs 145, 104 Other estimates of Ottoman military casualties are as follows: By UK War Office in 1922: Killed 50, 000, died wounds 35, 000, died of disease 240, 000 By US War Dept in 1924: 325, 000 killed and died.

By 1817, Principality of Serbia proclaims self-rule from Ottoman Empire, thus becoming the first nation-state in Europe.

By 1923, it had been translated into thirty languages, including Ottoman Turkish (" old " Turkish written in Arabic script ).

By the Treaty of Bucharest of May 28, 1812 — concluding the Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812 — the Ottoman Empire ceded the eastern half of the Principality of Moldavia to the Russian Empire.

By the time the Ottoman fleet arrived the Knights were as ready as they could be.

By 1478 Selânik ( سلانیك ), as the city came to be known in Ottoman Turkish, had a population of 4, 320 Muslims, 6, 094 Greek Orthodox and some Catholics, but no Jews.

By the late 17th century, however, the Ottoman Empire's military misfortunes caught up with the country, and the conclusion of the Great Turkish War with the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699 once again made Bosnia the empire's westernmost province.

By 1396, they were subjugated by the Ottoman Empire.